AP II- Exam 1 Review

Question 21

Neurotranmitters of ANS

Answer 21

1. Acetylcholine (Cholinergic)
   
   1. Pregang in PNS & SNS
   2. Post Gang in PNS
2. Norepinephinre (Adrenergic)
   
   1. Post Gang of SNS

Question 32

FSH

Answer 32

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• sperm production
• where the egg is
• DEVELOP/ grow (not make)

Question 33

LH= ICSH

Answer 33

• Luteinizing= ovular- kick egg out
• Interstitial Cell Stimulating- make testosterone

Question 34

TSH

Answer 34

• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
• stimulates thyroid
• from iodine, only thing in body that makes this
• MAKE hormone

Question 35

ACTH

Answer 35

• Adreno-cortico-tropic Hormone
• stimulates adrenal cortex
• make hormone

Question 36

GH

Answer 36

• growth hormone
• Prolactin, milk production
• Anterior
• Somatostatin opposes

Question 37

MSH

Answer 37

• Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
• skin pigment production
• Anterior

Question 39

ADH

Answer 39

• Anti-Diuretic hormone
• ADH makes blood pressure go up
• Stores water
• Alcohol, opposite, releases too much= dehydration
• Not a true endocrine gland
• RELEASE

Question 40

Oxytocin

Answer 40

• Quick Birth
• Positive Feedback
• Release Milk
• Uterine Contractions
• Not a true endocrine gland

Question 41

Question 45

Location of thyroid gland

Answer 45

inferior to larynx

Question 46

Histology of thyroid gland

Answer 46

• follicles filles with colloid
• surrounding follicle make hormone
• interstitial, parafollicular make cacitonin

Question 47

TBG

Answer 47

Thyroid Binding Globulin

transport

Question 53

Location of Adrenal Gland

Answer 53

• outer region is adrenal cortex, inner region is adrenal medulla

Question 55

3 Layers of Adrenal Cortex

Answer 55

• Zona Glomerulosa
• Zona Fasciulata
• Zona Reticularis

Question 56

Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 56

• aldosterone is made,
• sodium reabsoprtion in kidneys
• urine back to blood, water passively follows

Question 57

Zona Fasciuculata

Answer 57

• middle layer
• makes glucocorticoids
• help deal with long term stress, by conserving energy for later

Question 58

Zona Reticularis

Answer 58

making sex hormones

Question 59

Renin

Answer 59

• when blood pressure low, renin released
• converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin.

Question 60

Angiotensin

Answer 60

• adrenal cortex to release aldosterone (steroid hormone)

Question 61

Aldosterone

Answer 61

• causes more salt in bloodstream, helps restore low blood pressure
• Steroid hormone

Question 66

Cells that make insulin

Answer 66

• Beta cells
• islets lowers blood glucose
• High blood glucose leads to insulin release

Question 67

Glucagon

Answer 67

• Alpha cells
• raises blood glucose, by bringing it out of storage
• low blood glucose glucagon release

Question 68

Somatostatin

Answer 68

• opposes Growth hormone release

Question 69

Thymus

Answer 69

• lymphatic
• t- lymphocytes trained here
• releases thymic hormone to stimulate T-cells (hiv, immune)
• replaced by connective tissue and fat in adults.

Question 70

prostaglandins

Answer 70

• fatty acids
• act locally

Question 71

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 71

• only pre gang, only SNS
• exaggerate fight/flight
• release epinephrine (mostly) & norepinephrine
• chromaffin cells, endocrine

Question 72

Pancreas

Answer 72

• Endocrine/Exocrine
• Islets of Langerhans= endo cells
• inferior stomach

Question 73

Calcitonin

Answer 73

• parafollicular cells of thyroid= c cells
• DECREASE blood calcium levels (opposite parathyroid)

Question 74

Parathyroid

Answer 74

• increase blood calcium levels
• determines what should be released
• embedded on thyroid gland