Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Micro Exam 3_ Made Easy > Flashcards

Micro Exam 3_ Made Easy Flashcards

1
Q

Capsid

A
  • Surrounds genetic material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pili

A
  • adheres, can grab hold of victim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capsules

A
  • protective walls that surround cell membranes.
  • MORE virulent because of macrophages & neutrohils cannot phagocytozye.
  • microscopy- india ink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transformation

A
  • naked DNA fragments bind to cell wall of another.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Competent

A
  • cell wall can bind & tke it up extracellulary (same species as donors)
  • Griffith Test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transduction

A
  • bacteriophage carry bacterial DNA from one bacteria to another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacteriophage

A
  • have a capsid
  • surrounds DNA or RNA (spider stinger)
  • ejected DNA takes over host
  • Cell can hold no more particles, lyses, releasing phages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 Types of Phages

A
  1. Virulent
  2. Temperate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Virulent Phage

A
  • infect
  • reproduce
  • lyse
  • Kill bacteria
  • Generalized Transduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Temperate Phage

A
  • absoprtion, penetration
  • DNA incorporates into bacterial chromosome.
  • Specialized Transduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prophage

A
  • Integrated Temprate Phage Genome
  • Lysogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lysogenic

A
  • Prophage can become activated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specialized Transduction

A
  • penetrate, then INCORPORATES
  • becomes a prophage.
  • Like a Genetic Time Bomb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Generalized Transduction

A
  • phage DNA is transcribed,
  • replicated
  • translated into capsids and enzymes
  • bacterial DNA is repressed and destroyed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conjugation

A
  • Cell to Cell Contact
  • between unrelated bacteria
  • Anti-biotic resistance
  • must have an F Plasmid
  • HOT & HEAVY!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

F Plasmid

A
  • self trasnmissable plasmid
  • encodes sex penis
  • protrudes from one cell surface to another
  • nuclease breaks off & single strand passed through sex pilus (conjugal bridge)
  • Remaining strand becomes integrated into neighboring chromosomes (not like Temperate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plasmid

A
  • Circular double stranded DNA
  • outside chromosme
  • carry many genes
  • including drug resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hfr, 2 Types of Transfer

A
  1. normal conjugation w/ F- entire bacterial chromosome transfers fro Hfr recipient
  2. F Plasmid & DNA, F’ (specialized transduction)

HiGH FREQUENCY RECOMBINATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Transposons

A
  • mobile DNA with legs
  • insert without homology (opp. of competency)
  • antibiotic resistance + virulence factors
  • copied during host transcription
  • Rapid spread of resistant strains
20
Q

What 3 things do Transposons insert into?

A
  1. Phages
  2. Plasmids
  3. Bac Chromosome
21
Q

Penicillin

A
  • bacteriocidal
  • inhibits transpeptidation
  • must penetrate cell layers
  • keep beta ring intact
  • bind to transpeptidase
  • all can cause allergic reactions
22
Q

Transpeptidase

A
  • catalysed crosslinked amino acids
  • Nam & Nag
23
Q

Beta Lactam

A
  • 4 membered lactam
24
Q

Virus Profile

A
  • energy less
  • protein capsid
  • No organelles
  • No ribosomes
  • lipid bi-layer
  • DNA or RNA, NOT BOTH
  • Genetic instruction to make clones
  • Replicate via DNA. not enzymes
25
Q

Viral Morphology

A

Nucleic Acid > Capsid > Envelope

26
Q

Nucleic Acid Viruses

A
  • encode a single message or
  • hundreds enzymes & structural proteins
27
Q

RNA +

A
  • just like mRNA
  • Translated immediately by host
  • ribo’s to proteins
  • naked or enveloped
28
Q

RNA -

A
  • not translated immediately
  • First transcribed into + strand
  • must carry RDRP
  • enveloped
29
Q

RNA double stranded

A
  • naked
  • ex rotavirus
30
Q

Retrovirus

A
  • reverse transcriptase
  • ex: HIV
31
Q

RNA Virus Characteristics

A
  • helical
  • Transcription, Translation, Replication
  • single stranded
  • half + half -
  • enveloped
  • replicate in cytoplasm
32
Q

DNA +

A

strand that is read

33
Q

DNA -

A
  • strand is ignored
  • exception- pravovirus, have single strand genome
34
Q

DNA virus Characteristics

A
  • not translated directly into proteins
  • transribed to mRNA
  • have BOTH negative & positive strands
  • double stranded
  • icosahedral
  • replicate in the nucleus
  • transcription/replication
35
Q

2 Types of Capsids

A
  1. Icosohedral- spheres
  2. Helical- Rods (only RNA has this)
36
Q

Icosohedral Capsid

A
  • TAke 1 or more polypeptide chains and organize into globular subunit
  • building block for capsomer
37
Q

Helical Capsid

A
  • capsomers bind to RNA coiled into helical nucleus protein capsid
  • assume spherical shape
38
Q

Virus Reproduction Steps x4

A
  1. Absorption / Penetration
  2. Uncoatin
  3. Synthesis + Assembly of Viral Products
  4. Release of Viroins from host cell
39
Q

Uncoating

A
  • nucleic acid released from Capsid into nucleus or cytoplasm
40
Q

Immediate & Early DNA Transcription

A
  • encodes ensymed + proteins needed for replication
41
Q

Late DNA Virus Transcription

A
  • after viral DNA replication
  • capsid proteins synthesize from late mRNA genome
42
Q

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

A
  • Calvulanic
  • Sulbatam
43
Q

2 Advantages of Cephalosprins

A
  1. beta lactam ring more resistant to lactamase
  2. a new r-gourp side chain allows for double the manipulations in the lab

allergic reactions

44
Q

Ampicillin

A
  • broader spectrum than penicillin
  • more gram-
  • better penetration throu outermembranes
  • inhibited by pencillinase
45
Q

Beta Lactam ring

A
  • bind and inhibits transpeptidase.
  • Cell wall synthesis is arrested
46
Q

Quinolone

A

against gram positive. For Life threatenting infections.

From Flashcardlet (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions