Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 302 > Lecture 8 and 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 and 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what two areas does the vestibular nuclei send signals to

A

reticular formation and parabrachial nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the reticular formation involved in

A

regulates arousal and priming motor neuron excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the parabrachial nucleus involved in

A

integrates signals from vestibular, sensory and autonomic areas
-> all senses, balance, motor and involuntary body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the names of the mechanoreceptors that sounds can stimulate -> specific for what?

A

Pacinian corpsucles = sensation to vibration
Merkel receptors = pressure sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does information from the cochlear nuclei get sent to and via what

A

reaches the inferior colliculus via the lateral lemniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two functions of the inferior colliculus

A
  1. responds to acoustic properties of stimuli
  2. initiate fight or flight responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

______ refers to a change in pitch over time

A

pitch contour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

frequency-following response is a voluntary/involuntary response

A

involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does the frequency following response occur

A

in the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what did Strait, Kraus, Skoe and Ashley argue

A

they said the brainstem is involved in processing affective sound associated information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______ is the use of vocal cues to convey emotional information in speech

A

affective prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the removal of what structure can lead to complete blindness in dogs

A

neocortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true or false - the removal of the neocortex causes blindness in all animals

A

false - only in dogs and cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of the bottom up relevant pathways

A

input directly from the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an example of top down relevant pathways

A

when you get input from the cortex because you want to modify activity based on previous interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the predictive coding framework hypothesis talks about top down/bottom up pathway

A

top down pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is the site of acoustic features being transformed into auditory percepts

A

primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are examples of auditory percepts

A

tone height and tone chroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what’s the location of the primary auditory cortex associated with tone height

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what’s the location of the primary auditory cortex associated with tone chroma

A

posterior

21
Q

define the effect of missing fundamental

A

even after the removing the fundamental frequency, we can still perceive the same pitch we would have

22
Q

what happens when there are damages to the PAC

A
  1. bilateral lesions : increase in thresholds for judging if two sounds have the same pitch
  2. disrupts the ability to integrate the fundamental and harmonic frequencies into a whole
23
Q

define residue pitch

A

ability to integrate the fundamental and harmonic frequencies into a whole

24
Q

what are the 2 distinct ways we can process regularities

A
  1. based on regularities essential for acoustic properties
  2. based on regularities that have already been learned
25
Q

what is an example of a statistical regularity

A

a q is usually always followed by a u in english language

26
Q

echoic memory is a part of what bigger type of memory

A

sensory memory

27
Q

true or false - echoic memory is a buffer that hold information for 2-3 minutes

A

false - only for a few seconds

28
Q

what did Simola, Jaramillo, Naantanen and Winkler argue

A

argued that echoic memory stores physical and abstract features of sounds that have just been heard

29
Q

how are statistical mismatch negatavities produced

A

when there are violations of expectations for local dependencies

30
Q

______ refers to statistical regularities underlying the arrangement of sounds

A

local dependencies

31
Q

what is phMMN

A

MMN based on physical features

32
Q

what is the main difference between local and nonlocal dependencies

A

nonlocal -> happens over a longer period of time

33
Q

give an example of violating the nonlocal dependencies

A

starting with a tonic (chord 1) and ending with a supertonic (chord 2)

34
Q

when we say music has a hierarchical structure, what does this mean

A

both local and nonlocal dependencies are relevant

35
Q

ERANs are produced by what

A

violations of nonlocal dependencies

36
Q

what does ERAN stand for

A

early right-anterior negativity

37
Q

define latency

A

refers to when the ERP component actually emerges

38
Q

define amplitude

A

refers to the changes in the magnitude of the electrical activity

39
Q

______ is the anticipation of specific events in familiar event structure

A

veridical expectations

40
Q

warning the participants about the irregular chord affected latency/amplitude

A

latency -> amplitude was unaffected

41
Q

when does the ERAN emerge (age)

A

2 and a half year old

42
Q

in what case is the ERAN absent in people

A

people who have amusia/ linguistic impairments

43
Q

which two areas, involved in music syntatic processing, overlap with Broca’s area

A

pars opercularis and inferior frontal gyrus

44
Q

the inferior frontal gyrus primarily processes non local or local dependencies

A

nonlocal

45
Q

which two areas, involved in music syntactic processing, overlaps with the PAC

A

premotor cortex and superior temporal gyrus

46
Q

LAN is associated with what type of violations

A

linguistic

47
Q

what does LAN stand for

A

lateral anterior negativity

48
Q

true or false - there is some interactions between ERAN and LAN

A

true

49
Q
A

PSYCH 302 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions