Lecture 8 and 9 Flashcards
what two areas does the vestibular nuclei send signals to
reticular formation and parabrachial nucleus
what is the reticular formation involved in
regulates arousal and priming motor neuron excitability
what is the parabrachial nucleus involved in
integrates signals from vestibular, sensory and autonomic areas
-> all senses, balance, motor and involuntary body functions
what are the names of the mechanoreceptors that sounds can stimulate -> specific for what?
Pacinian corpsucles = sensation to vibration
Merkel receptors = pressure sensitive
where does information from the cochlear nuclei get sent to and via what
reaches the inferior colliculus via the lateral lemniscus
what are the two functions of the inferior colliculus
- responds to acoustic properties of stimuli
- initiate fight or flight responses
______ refers to a change in pitch over time
pitch contour
frequency-following response is a voluntary/involuntary response
involuntary
where does the frequency following response occur
in the brainstem
what did Strait, Kraus, Skoe and Ashley argue
they said the brainstem is involved in processing affective sound associated information
______ is the use of vocal cues to convey emotional information in speech
affective prosody
the removal of what structure can lead to complete blindness in dogs
neocortex
true or false - the removal of the neocortex causes blindness in all animals
false - only in dogs and cats
what is an example of the bottom up relevant pathways
input directly from the inner ear
what is an example of top down relevant pathways
when you get input from the cortex because you want to modify activity based on previous interactions
the predictive coding framework hypothesis talks about top down/bottom up pathway
top down pathway
where is the site of acoustic features being transformed into auditory percepts
primary auditory cortex
what are examples of auditory percepts
tone height and tone chroma
what’s the location of the primary auditory cortex associated with tone height
anterior
what’s the location of the primary auditory cortex associated with tone chroma
posterior
define the effect of missing fundamental
even after the removing the fundamental frequency, we can still perceive the same pitch we would have
what happens when there are damages to the PAC
- bilateral lesions : increase in thresholds for judging if two sounds have the same pitch
- disrupts the ability to integrate the fundamental and harmonic frequencies into a whole
define residue pitch
ability to integrate the fundamental and harmonic frequencies into a whole
what are the 2 distinct ways we can process regularities
- based on regularities essential for acoustic properties
- based on regularities that have already been learned
