Lecture 7

Question 1

true or false - all primates are able to reproduce rhythm

Answer 1

false - they are able to perceive rhythm but not reproduce it

Question 2

what is an example of vocal learning mentioned in lecture

Answer 2

songbird copying another bird’s song

Question 3

give examples of species that are not vocal learners but can perceive rhythm

Answer 3

sea lions and primates

Question 4

what is the name of cells associated with a neural clock and its function

Answer 4

putaminal cells -> become active to represent distinct time intervals

Question 5

what animal can time events very precisely

Answer 5

monkeys

Question 6

where are putaminal cells located

Answer 6

dorsal striatum -> part of the basal ganglia

Question 7

describe the odd ball paradigm

Answer 7

asses the neural response to violations of our expectations
-> you present stimuli that are typically the same but have a property in common that can differ -> A,A,A,A -> A,B,A,A -> if successfully internalized, you can continue to tap where the beat should be

Question 8

how can violations of the odd ball paradigm be measured

Answer 8

with EEGS and ERP components

Question 9

what type of ERP components can be measured for odd ball paradigm

Answer 9

mismatch negativity response, N100 and N400

Question 10

describe the differences between tapping in a reactionary way and anticipatory way

Answer 10

tapping in a anticipatory way -> building an internal model that involved expectations for what would come back

tapping in a reactionary way -> relies on direct sensory perception

Question 11

what was the potential failure of studies to find visual stimuli that have rhythms leading to beat perception

Answer 11

because of unnatural stimuli due to ecological validity
-> if you are not using stimuli that is representative of stuff people interact with in the real world, then you cannot generalize

Question 12

describe the possibility of what is happening when visual info does get perceived as having a beat (vision piggy back possibility)

Answer 12

visual information gets converted into auditory information -> relies on basic neurology driving beat perception

Question 13

true or false - visually based stimuli produce stronger beat perception with auditory examples that follow the same beat

Answer 13

true

Question 14

auditory examples that follow the same beat goes along with greater ______ activation

Answer 14

basal ganglia

Question 15

what is the name of the independent structure involved in timing parameters that keep track and represents a beat based on any incoming data

Answer 15

supra-modal mechanism

Question 16

activity with the putamen is correlated with what

Answer 16

strength of rhythm perception

Question 17

what are 4 factors involved in the ability to perceive/reproduce a rhythm

Answer 17

musical training, short term memory, dopaminergic function and regularity detection

Question 18

what is regularity detection

Answer 18

ability to detect and recognize patterns and structures in the environment

Question 19

regularity detection correlates with what type of activation

Answer 19

auditory motor activation

Question 20

true or false - the motor system does not influence musicality

Answer 20

false - it is important for musicality