Block 9 Week 3 Viruses

Question 1

AIDS/HIV

Answer 1

Single stranded positive sense Retrovirus which is enveloped and transmitted via contact with bodily fluids. Affects gay/bisexual men and Black African people and drug users disproportionately

Question 2

Single stranded RNA viruses

Answer 2

Rhinovirus
Norovirus
Hep A
Hep C
SARS-COV2
Polio

Question 3

Negative sense single RNA virus

Answer 3

Influenza
RSV
Rabies
Ebola
Yellow fever

Question 4

Double stranded RNA viruses

Answer 4

Rotavirus, common cause of diarrhoea in young children

Question 5

Double stranded DNA virus

Answer 5

Adenovirus
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella Zoster virus
HPV
Herpes virus
HepB

Question 6

Influenza virus

Answer 6

Negative sense SS RNA. A and B . It is an enveloped virus which replicates in the URT and move to the lower LRT. It causes flu, pneumonia and sinus infection.

Question 7

Respiratory Synctial Virus

Answer 7

Enveloped SS Negative sense RNA virus. Causes pneumonia and bronchiolotis in infants but mostly the common cold. It is spread through droplets

Question 8

Adenovirus

Answer 8

Causes fever, pneumonia, acute bronchitis. Spreads through touching contaminated surfaces or droplets. Naked virus with linear DS DNA and icosahedral shape.

Question 9

Most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in adults

Answer 9

Norovirus which spreads via Faeco-oral transmission. It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus which is naked.

Question 10

Most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in children

Answer 10

Rotavirus. Double stranded RNA which is naked and causes diarrhoea, transmitted via faeco-oral contact through direct contact.

Question 11

Hepatitis infection

Answer 11

Liver infection transmitted through blood, semen and vaginal fluids.

Question 12

Kaposi’s sarcoma-causative agent

Answer 12

Cancer due to human herpes virus 8

Question 13

Hep A

Answer 13

Naked Single stranded RNA positive which results in CD8+ mediated destruction of hepatocytes, causes jaundice with dark urine and pale stools. It is an ACUTE infection, transmitted foeco-oral route and more common with travellers.

Question 14

Hep B

Answer 14

ds DNA enveloped virus which targets liver cells and has a strong association with liver cancer, and has a superantigen response, transmitted via bodily fluids. It is the only type of hepatitis which can result in hepatitis D infection and transmitted by animals.

It uses reverse transcription.

Question 15

Hep C

Answer 15

Single stranded RNA positive sense enveloped which targets liver cells and causes liver cancer. Transmitted sexually, vertically or subcutaneously.

Question 16

Human Papilloma Virus

Answer 16

Causes cancers of the genital region and warts, usually without symptoms. Transmitted via sexual contact. Naked virus with DS circular DNA genome

Question 17

Herpes Simplex Virus/ HSV

Answer 17

Double stranded DNA virus with an icosahedral capsid, causing blisters and ulcers which spread through skin to skin contact and incurable. DS linear DNA which is enveloped.

Question 18

Glandular fever

Answer 18

Causes swollen lymph nodes and fever and swollen neck. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus, a double stranded DNA virus which is enveloped. Spread through droplets and sharing cutlery.

Question 19

Epstein-Barr virus complications

Answer 19

Double stranded DNA virus that causes mononucleosis and is taken up by the tonsilar lymphoid tissue, with a latency period of 2-6 weeks.

It induces the formation of heterophile antibodies, which are poorly defined IgM antibodies with a low specificity.

**Lymphoma eg Hodgkin and Burkin’s, nasopharyngeal carcinoma **

Question 20

Sars-COV2

Answer 20

Causes COVID-19 and transmitted via droplets. It is an enveloped virus with positive sense RNA.

Question 21

Polio

Answer 21

Invades the nervous system and causes paralysis, resides in throat and intestines. Transmitted via droplets or foecal-oral contact. It is isngle stranded positive sense RNA genome which is naked.

Question 22

Rabies

Answer 22

Zoonotic disease transmitted by animal bite causing fatal inflammation of brain and spinal cord. It has a negative sense RNA with a bullet shaped structure

Question 23

Yellow fever

Answer 23

Single stranded +RNA Virus transmitted by aedes mosquito vector and the reservoir is monkeys which causes typical fever symptoms. Can result in hepatic and renal failure.

Classified as zoonotic/arbovirus

Question 24

Dengue

Answer 24

Single stranded positive sense Virus transmitted by aedes mosquitos common in tropical environments, with haemorrhagic fever.

Question 25

Zika

Answer 25

Arbovirus transmitted by aedes mosquitos which can be transmitted congenital to the infant causing birth defects or via sex. It causes microencephaly in newborns.

Question 26

Ebola

Answer 26

Causes fever, aches and pains which is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. Single stranded RNA which is enveloped.

Question 27

Location of RNA virus replication?

Answer 27

Extranuclear

Question 28

Hepatitis A incubation period

Answer 28

2-4 weeks

Question 29

Causative agent of the common cold

Answer 29

Rhinovirus which is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus

Question 30

Which antibiotic is teratogenic in 1st trimester?

Answer 30

Trimethoprim
Tetracycline >

Question 31

Why is a new influenza vaccine required yearly?

Answer 31

Antigenic shift where the surface glucoprotein neuraminidase or haemogluttin undergo a point mutation over time, making antibodies generated less effective.

Question 32

Hepatitis E

Answer 32

Single stranded RNA virus which is an acute infection transmitted via the faeco-oral route in

Question 33

Hepatitis D

Answer 33

Negative sense RNA which can only cause infection after hepatitis B.

Question 34

How does shingles present?

Answer 34

Burning intense pain for 2-3 days, that can interfere with sleep. Rash that does NOT cross the midline. It is caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus which is more common in immunocompromised patients

Complications are neuralgia (most common) and

Question 35

Where do DNA viruses replicate?

Answer 35

Nucleus.

Question 36

Where do RNA viruses replicate?

Answer 36

Cytoplasm.