Migranes And Ischaemic Attacks Flashcards
What are migraines?
Throbbing and pulsating headache which can be severe enough to induce vomiting and nausea. It can last from an hour to a few days, and is alleviated by rest in a dark and quiet room.
What are the stages of migraines?
Prodrome
Aura
Headache
Recovery
What is the prodrome?
Period leading up to the headache where there is yawning, fatigue and mood changes and cravings.
What is aura?
Period prior to the headache where there is vision changes and odd sensations.
What is the headache phase of migraines?
Headache
Sensitivity to light and smells and loud noises
Nausea and vomiting.
What happens in the recovery stage of migraines?
Tiredness and mood changes.
What is a transient ischaemic attack?
Occlusion of the internal carotid artery supply in the brain which results in ischaemia that lasts less than 24 hours, typically due to an embolism from an atherosclerotic plaque.
What are the risk factors for transient ischaemic attack?
Old age
Male
Family history
What are the modifiable risk factors for TIA?
Smoking
Hypertension
High cholesterol diet
Alcohol
Obesity
Stress
What is the presentation of a TIA?
Contralateral hemiparesis
Dysarthria
Vision problems
Gait disturbances
Bruit when listening due pulmonary embolism
How is TIA diagnosed?
Doppler ultrasound of the carotid artery
How is TIA treated?
Carotid endarterectomy
Anti-platelet drugs
Statins
