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Year 2 > Clinical Aspects Of Cubital Fossa, Forearm And Wrist > Flashcards

Clinical Aspects Of Cubital Fossa, Forearm And Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

PFF

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialiis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
->These originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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2
Q

What is the role of the anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexion and pronation, and they are innervated by the median nerve
-> with an exception being the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial side of the flexor digitorum profundus. These 2 muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

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3
Q

What are the intermediate anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor Digitorum superficialis.
This muscle has 3 origins which are the medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna and the anterior radial oblique line.

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4
Q

What are the deep anterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor Pollucis longus
Pronator quadratus

These are innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve and DO NOT originate from medial epicondyle.

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5
Q

What is the flexor carpi radialis?

A

From the medial epicondyle and attaches onto metacarpal of digit 2 and 3.

-> Wrist flexion and abduction

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6
Q

What is the pronator teres?

A

ANTERIOR superficial MUSCLE-
Originates from the medial epicondyle and attaches onto the radial bone pronator tuberosity.

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7
Q

What is the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ANTERIOR superficial MUSCLE-
Originates from the medial epicondyle and attaches onto the pisiform bone. The pisiform bone has a pisimetacarpal ligament from the pisiform to the base of the metacarpal bone on digits 5.

->Flexion and abduction of wrist. It is innervated by the ulnar nerve.

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8
Q

What is the palmaris longus?

A

ANTERIOR MUSCLE-
Lies medial to the flexor carpi radialis. It arises from the medial epicondyle and attaches onto the palmaris aponeurosis.

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9
Q

What is the flexor Digitorum superficialis?

A

The only intermediate muscle of the forearm originating from the medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulnar and the radius anterior oblique line to insert into digit 2, 3, 4 and 5. It splits to allow profundus to pass through.

-> Important for flexion at Proximal interpharyngeal (PIP) joint.

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10
Q

What is the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

DEEP anterior muscle which originates from the anterior surface of ulna to attach to the distal phalanges of digit 2,3, 4 and 5.
-> Radial side is innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve.
-> Lateral side is innervated by ulnar nerve.

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11
Q

What is the flexor Pollucis longus?

A

DEEP anterior MUSCLE:

From the lateral surface of radius and the interosseus membrane to base of the thumb.

Innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve.

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12
Q

What is the pronator quadratus?

A

DEEP rectangular muscle from ulna lateral surface to lateral surface of radius which lies beneath the palmaris longus.

Innervated by the anterior interosseus nerve.

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13
Q

What nerve innervate the majority of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

Median nerve

Branch of median nerve called the anterior interosseus muscle which innervates the deep flexor muscles, excluding ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus.

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14
Q

Which anterior forearm muscles are not innervate by the median nerve?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
AND
Medial side of flexor Digitorum profundus
-> These are innervated by the ulnar nerve.

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15
Q

What are the posterior muscles of forearm?

A

Extensor muscles important for the supination and extension of the forearm, innervated ONLY by the radial nerve.

3 carpi muscles: extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris

3 pollucis muscles: adductor pollucis longus, extensor pollucis brevis, extensor pollucis longus.

3 digit muscles: extensor indices, extensor digits minimi, extensor digitorum

+ Brachioradialis, supination and anconeus.

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16
Q

What are the superficial extensor muscles?

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnar is
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor digit minimi
ANCONEUS

Innervated by radius nerve.

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17
Q

Which superficial extensor muscles do not originate from the lateral epicondyle?

A

Brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus.

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18
Q

Where does Brachioradialis originate?

A

Supracondylar region of humerus.

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19
Q

Where does extensor carpi radialis longus originate?

A

Supracondylar region of humerus.

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20
Q

What is the brachioradialis?

A

Originates from the supracondylar region of the lateral epicondyle to attach to the styloid of radius bone.

Flexes the elbow ALONG WITH ANCONEUS and extends the forearm. Innervated by radius nerve

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21
Q

What is the extensor carpi radialis brevis(short)?

A

Attaches to the carpal bone of digit 2. Innervated by radius nerve.

-> wrist adduction and extension

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22
Q

What is the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Supracondylar region to the 2nd and 3rd METAcarpal, innervated by nerve.

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23
Q

What is The anconeus?

A

To the olecranon of ulnar and ulnar shaft.

IT IS A MINOR ELBOW EXTENSOR, ALONG WITH BRACHIORADIALIS, innervated by radial nerve.

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24
Q

What is the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

To the base of carpal digits 5, innervated by radial nerve.

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25
Q

What is the extensor digit miniti?

A

To the base of carpal 5, innervated by radial nerve.

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26
Q

What is the extensor Digitorum?

A

To extensor hood of each finger for extension of MCP joint.

At the phalange, it splits into a medial slip which continues in a straight path and a lateral slip which moves to the distal phalange.

Innervated by radial nerve.

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27
Q

What are the deep muscles of the posterior extensor forearm?

A

Supinator
Abductor Pollucis longus
Extensor Pollucis longus
Extensor Pollucis brevis
Extensor indices

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve and apart from supinator, DON’T arise from lateral epicondyle.

28
Q

What is the supinator muscle?

A

Only deep extensor muscle which originates from the lateral epicondyle to attach to the upper radius.

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

29
Q

What is the abductor pollucis longus?

A

From the radius and ulna to attach to the base of the metacarpal 1.

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

30
Q

What is the extensor Pollucis brevis?

A

Originates from the radius, below the adductor pollucis longus. It attaches to the proximal phalanges of the thumb.

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

31
Q

What is the extensor pollucis longus?

A

Originates from the lower part of the ulnar to the distal phalanges of the thumb.

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

32
Q

What is the extensor indices?

A

Originates from the ulnar bone, below the extensor pollucis longus to the distal phalange of digit 2, joining the tendon of extensor digitorum.

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

33
Q

Which deep extensor muscles originate from the ulna bone?

A

Extensor indices and extensor pollucis longus

Innervated by posterior interosseus nerve.

34
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A

SOME LOVERS TRY POSITIONS THEY CAN’T HANDLE

Scaphoid
Lunnate bone
Triquetrium
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezius bone
Capphate
Hanate bone

35
Q

What are the proximal carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunnate, triquetrium, pisiform bones.

36
Q

What are the distal carpal bones?

A

Trapezius, trapezium, caphate and Hannate bone.

37
Q

How many bones are in the hand?

A

27 bones.

38
Q

Types of hand bones?

A

Carpals, meta-carpals, proximal phalanges, intermediate phalanges, distal phalanges,

39
Q

What is the antecubital fossa?

A

Diamond shaped region in the anterior forearm created by the brachioradialis and the pronator teres. It is shielded by the biceps brachii insertion of the aponeurosis.

40
Q

What is the lateral border of the antecubital fossa?

A

Brachioradialis muscle
-> Extensor superficial muscle from lateral epicondyle

41
Q

What is the superior border of the antecubital fossa?

A

Line between lateral and medial epicondyle of humerus.

42
Q

What is the roof of the antecubital fossa?

A

Biccipital aponeurosis, subcutaneous fat and fascia and skin

43
Q

What is the medial border of antecubital fossa?

A

Pronator teres.

44
Q

What is the floor of the antecubital fossa?

A

Brachialis muscle.

45
Q

What does the antecubital fossa contain?

A

Median nerve, Radial nerve
Brachial artery which splits into radial and ulnar artery
Biceps brachii tendon
Median cubital vein

46
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

Connects the cephalon and basilic vein which is the preferred vessel for venipuncture.

47
Q

What is the role of the flexor digitorum superficialis? j

A

Flexion of the metacarpopharyngeal and proximal metacaropharyngeal joints.

48
Q

What is the role of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of the distal pharyngeal joint at digits 2-5.

49
Q

What is the role of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Pointing little finger up

50
Q

How can the flexor digitorum superficialis be tested?

A

Holding down digit 3, 4 and 5 and asking patient to bend digit 2
-> this can be done for any digit from 2-5 but the rest must be held down.

51
Q

How can the flexor digitorum profundus be tested?

A

Immobilising middle finger at distal joint and asking patient to bend their middle finger

52
Q

How can the extensor indices be tested?

A

Pointing index up

53
Q

How can the extensor digit minimi be tested?

A

Pointing little finger up.

54
Q

How can the extensor digitorum be tested?

A

Patient extends at wrist joint
Hold patient’s middle finger and ask them to extend the remaining fingers

55
Q

What direction is wrist abduction?

A

Radial deviation using radial flexors and extensors.

56
Q

What direction is wrist adduction?

A

Ulnar deviation using ulnar flexors and extensors.

57
Q

What muscles are involved in pronation?

A

Pronator teres: superficial anterior muscle
Pronator quadratus: deep anterior muscle

58
Q

What muscles are involved in supination?

A

Supinator: extensor deep muscle
Biceps tendon insertion into radius: important for supination and elbow flexion

59
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

Anatomical area with flexor retinaculum forming the roof and the carpal bones forming the floor. It contains the Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, flexor digitorum profundus tendons, flexor pollucis longus tendon and median nerve.

60
Q

What happens when the muscles of the flexor compartment are overused?

A

Strain on the medial epicondyle, causing tennis elbow.

61
Q

Which muscles are responsible for wrist extension?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris

62
Q

What is the anterior interosseus nerve?

A

Branch of the median nerve which innervates the flexor pollucis longus.

63
Q

What is the posterior interosseus nerve?

A

Branch of the radial nerve which innervates all the muscles of posterior forearm.

64
Q

Which division of the brachial plexus innervates the flexor compartment?

A

Anterior

65
Q

Which division of the brachial plexus innervates the extensor compartment?

A

Posterior

66
Q

Where is the radial nerve found?

A

Between triceps long head and medial head.

Year 2 (247 decks)

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