Vaccination and public health

Question 1

What is the objective of vaccination?

Answer 1

To prevent illness such as cancer and transmission and protect vulnerable groups. Long-term objective is to achieve eradication and universal coverage

Question 2

How is the potential for transmission measured?

Answer 2

Reproductive number (R0)

Question 3

What is basic reproductive number?

Answer 3

Average number of new infections when one infected invididual is introduced into a population where all are susceptible.

Question 4

What is effective reproductive number?

Answer 4

Average number of secondar infections when one individual is introduced into a population with a mix of susceptible and immune individuals.

Question 5

What is the demographic of vaccine hesitancy?

Answer 5

Higher income countries and a lack of trust in doctors and science.

Question 6

What is herd immunity?

Answer 6

Vaccination coverage of 70-90% means infection transmission is not expected

Question 7

What are the public health issues in vaccination?

Answer 7

Incorrect storage of vaccinations
Incorrect administration
-> non-completion of primary course or boosters
-> wrong dose or injection technique
-> contraindicated

Question 8

Multiple jab vaccines

Answer 8

May affect coverage to perception of safety, such as MMR.

Question 9

How does WHO influence vaccination?

Answer 9

Created Expanded Programme of immunisation in 1974 to make immunisation for DTP, polio, measles and BCG available to all children by 1990
National Decision making for Vaccine safety