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year 2 > Harvluck B9 W5 > Flashcards

Harvluck B9 W5 Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature for conscious intelligence

A
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2
Q

Component in sweat for body odour

A

Urea

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3
Q

Types of psoriasis

A

Chronic plaque which is most common
Guttate (raindrop)
Seborrhoeic such as nasolabial and retroaurical
Flexural
Pustural palmar-plantar

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4
Q

Koebner effect

A

Linear eruption at the site of trauma phenomenon

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5
Q

Psoriasis

A

Inflammatory condition due to hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration

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6
Q

Complications of erythroderma

A

Cardiac failure, and capillary leak syndrome, fluid and electrolyte loss and secondary infection

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7
Q

Internal signalling of cells

A

Cells scan for damage to DNA and subsequently activate ATM and ATR

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8
Q

Piloerection

A

Erector pili muscles receive sympathetic input to cause hair to stand on end and create pocket of air between skin to act as insulator

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9
Q

External signalling

A

Growth factors, receptors, Signal transduction proteins, DNA bInding proteins such as transcription factors

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10
Q

Causes of pyrexia of unknown origin

A

Infection, blood transfusion, hypothalamic insult, pyrogens, malignancy

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11
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Adenoma due to mutation of K-RAS
Carcinoma due to mutation of p53 and DCC
Cumulative mutations result in tissue invasion

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12
Q

How do drugs affect thermoregulation?

A

Drugs like ectasy cause hyperthermia because it activates muscle activity for shivering action

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13
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

Red, scaly raindrop shaped spots

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14
Q

Changes associated with pyrexia

A

Hypothalamus increases temperature set point, shivering, piloerection, increase in adrenaline. After a period of time, hypothalamus decreases set point so sweating and vasodilation occurs and resets cycle.

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15
Q

Temperature for enzyme denaturing?

A

45 degrees

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16
Q

How is hypothermia treated?

A

Warming the body by
Aluminium foil blanket, warm air blanket and prevent gangrene via use of cardiovascular bypass machine.

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17
Q

What is a cardiovascular bypass machine?

A

Machine which mechanically circulates oxygenated blood in patients without entering the heart and lungs

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18
Q

How is heat generated in pyrexia?

A

Prostaglandins which produce the endogenous pyrogens that interact with the hypothalamus

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19
Q

Caretaker proteins

A

Maintained genetic stability such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 involved in DNA repair but are not involved in cell proliferation

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20
Q

Temperature for hyperthermia

A

Above 38 degrees

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21
Q

Nodular melanoma

A

Present in trunks and legs of younger people due to UV exposure

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22
Q

Hypothermia causes

A

Hypothyroidism
Behaviour
Dermatological

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23
Q

Paradoxical increased flow

A

Occurs due to vasoconstriction which leads to ischaemia. This induces vasodilation.

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24
Q

Eruption on the skin

A

Rash

25
Q

Oncholysis

A

Separation of nail from nail bed- spooning and lifting

26
Q

Seborrheic psoriasis

A

Psoriasis in the folds of the body such as nasolabial and retroauricular

27
Q

Role of puma protein

A

Induces apoptotic signals into mitochondria via inhibition of BCL2 proto-oncogene which promotes cell proliferation

28
Q

Urticuria

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity where there is elevated patches such as hives

29
Q

Warts

A

Skin tumours due to a virus

30
Q

How is pyrexia treated?

A

NSAIDS

31
Q

What features should be checked in dermatological exams aside from skin?

A

Nails, scalp and hair, mucous membranes

32
Q

Bulla vs vesicle

A

Vesicle is a small fluid-filled blister. Bulla is a large fluid-filled blister.

33
Q

BCL2

A

Prevents apoptosis. In order for cell apoptosis to occur, p53 activates puma protein

34
Q

Clinical signs of hyperthermia

A

Confusion, seizures, coma and cardiovascular collapse

35
Q

p53 acts as transcription factor for…

A

p21- it inhibits CDK-cyclin

36
Q

Clinical signs of hypothermia

A

Confusion, coma and cardiovascular collapse

37
Q

Purpura

A

Non-blanchable red or purple rashes

38
Q

Oncogene for breast and ovarian cancer

A

ERBB2 which is a growth factor receptor

39
Q

Weal

A

Lesions due to oedema

40
Q

Superficial spreading melanoma

A

Common on the lower limbs of younger people due to intermittent high UV exposure

41
Q

Where does psoriasis occur?

A

Behind ears, on fingers and body and arms

42
Q

Which part of the brain is involved in temperature regulation?

A

Anterior hypothalamus

43
Q

Time taken for blood marrow precursors to divide

A

12 hrs

44
Q

Groups which struggle to control their body temp

A

Babies and old people

45
Q

Time taken for skin cells to divide

A

5 days

46
Q

Inactivating mutation

A

Mutations that occur to tumour repressor genes

47
Q

Litres of sweat if acclimatisation has occurred

A

2 litres

48
Q

MDM

A

p53 phosphorylates MDM to cause cell degradation

49
Q

When is a fever harmful?

A

Head-injury, post-cardiac arrest

50
Q

Erythasma

A

Infection of the skin folds by cornyebacterium which presents as scaling and plaques.

51
Q

Panting

A

Shallow breaths to lose heat

52
Q

Gap 1

A

No visible changes but increases cell proteins and DNA machinery

53
Q

Nodular basal cell carcinoma

A

Small papule with surface telangiectasia and necrotic and ulcerated centre

54
Q

Pustular psoriasis

A

Psoriasis which is palmar-plantar

55
Q

Inflammatory lesions in acne

A

Pustules and papules

56
Q

Non-inflammatory lesions

A

Open and closed comedones

57
Q

Petechia

A

Small pinpoint macules

58
Q
A

year 2 (247 decks)

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