B9 W3 drugs

Question 1

Aciclovir

Answer 1

Nucleotide analgoue of guanine triphosphate. It is inactive when ingested and undergoes phosphorylation 3x to form aciclovir triphosphate. However it has a missing carbon 2’ and 3’ and causes viral DNA termination

Question 2

Aciclovir indication + side effects

Answer 2

Prescribed for herpes simplex virus/HSV and varicella zoster virus. Causes eye inflammation and GI symptoms

Question 3

Quinine

Answer 3

Inhibits the digestion of Hb -> Haem and proteins. Also prevents acetylcholine effect on motor end plate

Question 4

Quinine indication + side effects

Answer 4

Anti-malarial drug also given for nocturnal leg cramps. Cannot be given for myasthenia gravis or haemoglobinuria. Causes abdominal pain and angioedema.

Question 5

Chloroquinine

Answer 5

Inhibits haem polymerase and enters cells and becomes trapped in organelles to raise endosomal pH

Question 6

Chloroquinine indication + side effects

Answer 6

Given for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria and active rheumatoid arthritis. Cannot be given for acute porphyria and causes QT interval prolongation and cardio myopathy.

Question 7

Acute porphyria

Answer 7

Enzymatic defect in haem biosynthesis pathway

Question 8

Artemether

Answer 8

Enters parasite food vacuole and interacts with haem to cause the generation of cytotoxic oxygen radicals

Question 9

Artemether indication + side effects

Answer 9

Anti-malarial drugs which can cause Gi symtpoms. Cannot be given for those with heart irregularities such as arrythmia.

Question 10

Amprenavir

Answer 10

Inhibits viral protease for the cleavage of gag-polyprotein for the maturation of viral particles and assembly

Question 11

Amprenavir indication + side effects

Answer 11

Given for HIV infection and causes GI symtpoms and agioedema. Cannot be given for acute porphyria

Question 12

Zidovudine

Answer 12

It is a thymidine analogue which is an NRTI that inhibits reverse transcription of active triphosphate and competes against GTP for incorporation into the viral DNA chain and causes termination

Question 13

Zidovudine indication + side effect

Answer 13

HIV infection. Cannot be given if Hb or neutrophil levels are low. Causes GI symptoms

Question 14

What are the anti-malarial drugs?

Answer 14

Quinine, chloroquinine and artemether

Question 15

What are the drugs to treat HIV?

Answer 15

Amprenavir and Zidovudine

Question 16

Which drugs cannot be given for acute porphyria?

Answer 16

Chloroquinine and amprenavir