SELF ACTUALISATION & SELF DETERMINATION Flashcards
the self actualisation views people as having an ________ towards self actualization
A) extrinsic motivation
B) avoidance tendency
C) innate resistance
D) intrinsic tendency
D) intrinsic tendency
Rogers’ ideas provide a way to talk about how
A) self-esteem is developed
B) potential is realized and how that can fail to happen
C) individuals are shaped by external factors
D) personality traits are inherited
B) potential is realized and how that can fail to happen
in Rogers view, actualisation is the term used to describe
A) The inherent inclination of individuals to cultivate and improve their abilities in manners that uphold or elevate the overall functioning of the organism.
B) The drive for social recognition and acknowledgment as a fundamental aspect of the self-actualization process.
C) The ongoing pursuit of power and control as a central aspect of the self-actualization tendency.
D) The continuous quest for external rewards and incentives as a primary component of the self-actualization drive.
A) The inherent inclination of individuals to cultivate and improve their abilities in manners that uphold or elevate the overall functioning of the organism.
the potential for positive, healthy growth expresses itself in everyone if there are no strong opposing influences
A) self-esteem
B) actualization
C) self-concept
D) self-regulation
B) actualization
Maintenance or development of the self is called
A) self-esteem
B) self-actualization
C) self-concept
D) self-regulation
B) self-actualization
what is a fundamental role in self actualisation
A) incongruence
B) congruence
C) self-concept
D) self-regulation
B) congruence
An integration within the self and a coherence between your self and your experiences
A) incongruence
B) congruence
C) self-concept
D) self-regulation
B) congruence
Rogers believed that the actualizing tendency is part of human nature. This belief is also reflected in another term he used: the
A) self-concept
B) organismic valuing process
C) self-regard
D) conditional positive regard
B) organismic valuing process
according to Carl Rogers, this term refers to an innate tendency within individuals to evaluate and prioritize experiences based on their perceived contribution to personal growth and self-actualization
A) self-concept
B) organismic valuing process
C) self-regard
D) conditional positive regard
B) organismic valuing process
what does organismic valuing process involve
A) an external, objective assessment of the congruence between one’s experiences and one’s inherent values and goals
B) a comparison with external standards and societal expectations
C) adherence to external cultural norms
D) an internal, subjective assessment of the congruence between one’s experiences and one’s inherent values and goals
D) an internal, subjective assessment of the congruence between one’s experiences and one’s inherent values and goals
what process plays a crucial role in guiding individuals toward authenticity and fulfilling their unique potentials.
A) self-concept
B) organismic valuing process
C) self-regard
D) conditional positive regard
B) organismic valuing process
what phrase did Rogers use to describe someone who is self-actualizing
A) self-actualized individual
B) fully functioning person
C) optimal self
D) idealized personality
B) fully functioning person
The internal signal that indicates whether self-actualization is occurring.
A) self-concept
B) organismic valuing process
C) self-regard
D) conditional positive regard
B) organismic valuing process
A person who’s open to life’s experiences and who is self-actualizing
A) self-actualized individual
B) fully functioning person
C) optimal self
D) idealized personality
B) fully functioning person
what does a fully functioning person refer to
A) a self-critical individual
B) a particular kind of person
C) an external evaluation
D) a way of functioning
C) a way of functioning
In addition to self actualisation, people need to have positive regard, this refers to
A) external praise and internal criticism
B) positive self-talk and self-affirmation
C) something that guides individuals toward authenticity and fulfilling their unique potentials
D) acceptance, love, friendship, and affection of others
D) acceptance, love, friendship, and affection of others
Positive regard can come in two ways, what are they
A) external praise and internal criticism
B) positive self-talk and positive self-affirmation
C) positive self esteem and conditional positive regard
D) unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard
D) unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard
Affection given without special conditions—with “no strings attached”—is called
A) unconditional positive regard
B) Conditional self-regard
C) conditional positive regard
D) unconditional self regard
A) unconditional positive regard
what does unconditional positive regard refer to
A) Acceptance and affection with “no strings attached
‘
B) Affection that’s given only under certain conditions
C) Self-acceptance that’s given only under certain conditions
D) none of the above
A) Acceptance and affection with “no strings attached.
affection that is given only if certain conditions are satisfied
A) unconditional positive regard
B) Conditional self-regard
C) conditional positive regard
D) unconditional love
C) conditional positive regard
I’ll like you and accept you, but only if you act in a particular way
A) unconditional positive regard
B) conditional self-regard
C) conditional positive regard
D) none of the above
C) conditional positive regard
what does conditional positive regard refer to
A) Acceptance and affection with “no strings attached
‘
B) Affection that’s given only under certain conditions
C) Self-acceptance that’s given only under certain conditions
D) none of the above
B) Affection that’s given only under certain conditions
Much of the affection people get in their day-to-day lives is
A) unpredictable
B) inconsistent
C) unconditional
D) conditional
D) conditional.
conditions under which people are judged worthy of positive regard
A) conditions of worth
B) conditions of self worth
C) conditions of acceptance
D) conditions of value
A) conditions of worth
what does conditions of worth refer to
A) the conditions under which people are judged worthy of self actualisation
B) the conditions under which people are judged worthy of positive regard
C) the conditions under which people are judged worthy of values
D) all the above
B) the conditions under which people are judged worthy of positive regard
when people act to conform to a condition of worth, they’re doing so
A) because the act is intrinsically desirable
B) to get positive regard from other people
C) to assert their independence
D) as a form of self-expression
B) to get positive regard from other people
Rogers argued that having conditions of worth applied to us by people around us causes us to
A) develop a sense of autonomy
B) apply the conditions to ourselves
C) resist societal expectations
D) embrace unconditional positive regard
B) apply the conditions to ourselves
According to Rogers, when we satisfy our own conditions of worth we
A) meet societal expectations
B) foster external validation
C) give ourselves affection and acceptance
D) seek conditional positive regard
C) give ourselves affection and acceptance
what is a process that can interfere with self-actualization
A) Conditions of worth
B) Unconditional positive regard
C) Intrinsic motivation
D) Congruence
A) Conditions of worth
What defines a condition of worth is that it’s a
A) self-imposed limitation
B) precondition for acceptance
C) form of self-expression
D) intrinsic motivation
B) precondition for acceptance
what is true about the nature of a “condition of worth”?
a) It is always liberating
b) It is inherently coercive
c) It is optional for individuals
d) It promotes autonomy
b) It is inherently coercive
what is a consistent characteristic of a “condition of worth”?
a) Autonomy
b) Coerciveness
c) Flexibility
d) Liberating nature
b) Coerciveness
what does contingent self worth refer to
A) Contingencies placed on positive regard
B) Self-acceptance that’s based on performance in some domain of life.
C) Affection that’s given only under certain conditions.
D) none of the above
B) Self-acceptance that’s based on performance in some domain of life.
conditional self worth refers to self-acceptance that’s based on ________ in some domain of life, whereas conditional self-regard refers to self-acceptance that’s given only under _____ conditions.
A) external validation; specific
B) performance; certain
C) unconditional love; particular
D) internal reflection; varying
B) performance; certain
Deci and Ryans theory of self determination posits that
A) external rewards are the primary motivators
B) intrinsic motivation is irrelevant
C) external factors determine personal growth
D) three needs need to be satisfied in order have a life of growth, integrity and well being
D) three needs need to be satisfied in order have a life of growth, integrity and well being
what are the three needs that Deci and Ryan believe underlie the motivation to self initiated behaviour
A) press, motive, and need
B) competence, relatedness, and autonomy
C) external, internal, and intrinsic
D) achievement, affiliation, and power
B) competence, relatedness and autonomy
According to Deci and Ryan, three basic psychological needs motivate
A) external rewards
B) social conformity
C) self-improvement
D) self initiated behaviour
D) self initiated behaviour
According to Deci and Ryan, behaviour can reflect two underlying dynamics, what are these actions
A) automatic and deliberate
B) self-determined and controlled
C) conscious and unconscious
D) voluntary and involuntary
B) self-determined and controlled
actions done either because they have intrinsic interest for you or are of value to you
A) controlled
B) self determined
C) accomplishment
D) motivation
B) self determined
actions that are done to gain payment or to satisfy some pressure
A) controlled
B) self determined
C) accomplishment
D) motivation
A) controlled
If you do something because you know you’d feel guilty if you didn’t, you’re engaging in
A) intrinsic motivation
B) extrinsic motivation
C) self determined behaviour
D) controlled behavior
D) controlled behavior
People stay interested longer when they see their actions as
A) intrinsic motivation
B) extrinsic motivation
C) self determined behaviour
D) controlled behavior
C) self determined behaviour
People lose interest in activities when promised a ______ for working on them
A) reward
B) punishment
C) challenge
D) recognition
A) reward
People lose interest in activities when promised a reward for working on them, what specifically cases one to lose interest
A) the reward itself
B) knowing that the behaviour is not self determined
C) intrinsic motivation
D) lack of external reinforcement
B) knowing that the behaviour is not self determined
what are two aspects underlying reward that determine if that reward will increase motivation instead of undermining it
A) extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation
B) controlling aspect and informational aspect
C) reward size and frequency
D) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
B) controlling aspect and informational aspect
the ________ aspect of a reward, tells you that your actions are not autonomous and an _________ aspect of reward informs you about yourself
A) external; internal
B) determined ; informational
C) controlling; informational
D) extrinsic; intrinsic
C) controlling; informational
what does self determination refer to
A) External influences on behavior
B) Deciding for yourself what to do
C) A process of growing in ways that maintain or enhance the self.
D) Conforming to societal expectations
B) Deciding for yourself what to do
according to Deci and Ryan, accomplishments will only be satisfying if people feel
A) controlled in them
B) self determination in them
C) pressured by others
D) extrinsically motivated
B) self determination in them
according to Deci and Ryan, the ideal degree of motivation is
A) controlled
B) extrinsic motivation
C) pressure
D) intrinsic motivation
D) intrinsic motivation
introjected motivation is an extrinsic motivation in which one focuses on
A) approval from self
B) conscious valuing and endorsement
C) inherent interest, enjoyment and satisfaction
D) congruence with self
A) approval from self
introjected regulation occurs when a person treats a behaviour as
A) something that needs to be done to avoid guilt or gain self-approval
B) personally meaningful and valuable
C) intrinsically motivated
D) aligned with societal norms
A) something that needs to be done to avoid guilt or gain self-approval
identified regulation is an extrinsic motivation relating to
A) approval from self
B) conscious valuing and endorsement
C) inherent interest, enjoyment and satisfaction
D) congruence with self
B) conscious valuing and endorsement
introjected regulation is _______ and identified regulation is ___________
A) externally motivated; intrinsically motivated
B) controlled; self determined
C) self-determined; controlled
D) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
B) controlled; self determined
identified regulation occurs when a person treats a behaviour as
A) something that needs to be done to avoid guilt or gain self-approval
B) personally meaningful and valuable
C) extrinsically motivated
D) aligned with societal norms
B) personally meaningful and valuable
If you try to do well in a class so that you won’t feel guilty about wasting your parents’ tuition money, what kind of behaviour does this reflect
A) Intrinsic motivation
B) Extrinsic motivation
C) Identified regulation
D) Introjected regulation
D) Introjected regulation
If you try to do well in a class because you believe that learning is important to your growth, what kind of behaviour does this reflect
A) Intrinsic motivation
B) Extrinsic motivation
C) Identified regulation
D) Introjected regulation
C) Identified regulation
The pressures that lead to introjected behavior stem from the desire to
A) thinking you should do a behaviour
B) avoid a sense of guilt
C) be accepted by others
D) all the above
D) all the above
what goals are most important to pursue
A) externally imposed goals
B) self-concordant goals
C) outcome-focused goals
D) intrinsic goals
B) self concordant goals
what does self concordance refer to
A) Following societal expectations
B) Pursuing goals that are consistent with your core values
C) Achieving external validation
D) Adopting goals based on peer pressure
B) Pursuing goals that are consistent with your core values
In Rogers’s view, people are free to choose whether to act in
A) predetermined ways
B) self-actualizing ways
C) externally controlled ways
D) unproductive ways
B) self actualising ways
In Deci and Ryan’s view, people exert their will when they act in
A) predetermined ways
B) self actualisation
C) externally controlled ways
D) self determination
D) self determination
what is a phenomenon known to lead to the reassertion of freedom
A) resistance
B) reactance
C) recurrence
D) withdrawal
B) reactance
what does reactance refer to
A) A motive to regain or reassert a presumed freedom that’s been threatened
B) Helping others with the expectation the help will be returned.
C) The process of preventing an idea or impulse from becoming conscious
D) The degree to which your self-schema is differentiated and compartmentalized
A) A motive to regain or reassert a presumed freedom that’s been threatened
________ happens when you expect to have a particular freedom and you see it as being threatened.
A) resistance
B) reactance
C) recurrence
D) withdrawal
B) reactance
according to Deci and Ryan, what do people exert when they act in self determination
A) will
B) intent
C) motive
D) effort
A) will
according to Rogers, the self
A) remains static throughout life
B) becomes fixed during early childhood
C) reaches an end state in adolescence
D) never reaches an end state but continues to evolve
D) never reaches an end state but continues to evolve
according to Rogers, the self concept is
A) a fixed and unchangeable construct
B) the set of qualities a person views as being parts of oneself
C) determined solely by external factors
D) an external evaluation by others
B) the set of qualities a person views as being parts of oneself
what are distinctive elements of self concept
A) them and me selves
B) actual self and ideal self
C) first self and second self
D) external and internal self
B) actual self and ideal self
The _______ is the image of the kind of person you want to be. The ______ is what you think you’re really like.
A) ideal self; actual self
B) external self; internal self
C) future self; present self
D) conscious self; unconscious self
A) ideal self; actual self
self-actualizing is supposed to promote
A) conformity
B) self-doubt
C) congruence
D) external validation
C) congruence