Problems in Behaviour and Behaviour change Flashcards
according to Rogers, what creates psychological problems in individuals
A) an ineffective constraint system
B) over-reliant on information in memory and under-rely on the reality of the situation.
C) lack of congruity within the self
D) conflict between directed behaviour
C) lack of congruity within the self
according to Rogers, what is the source of anxiety
A) it occurs from the awareness of the inevitability of death
B) it occurs as a response that you are not paying enough attention to personal well-being
C) A person has a very sensitive threat system
D) incongruity between experience and self-concept or within the self-concept
D) incongruity between experience and self-concept or within the self-concept
according to self actualisation, what is anxiety a signal of
A) that you have an ineffective constraint system making emotions more intense
B) disorganization from the organismic valuing process
C) that you’re not paying enough attention to personal well-being
D) you’re paying too much attention to things other than what you’re trying to do
B) disorganization from the organismic valuing process
according to self actualisation views, Anxiety is especially likely to arise
A) as a warning signal to the ego that something bad is about to happen
B) due to the presence of cues of impending punishment
C) because you are not paying enough attention to your personal wellbeing
D) if the person focuses too much on conditions of worth and acts in ways that interfere with self-actualization
D) if the person focuses too much on conditions of worth and acts in ways that interfere with self-actualization
what occurs when the sense of self is threatened according to the self actualisation view
A) The person becomes more flexible and adaptive.
B) The person seeks external validation to strengthen the sense of self.
C) The person becomes less distressed and more fluid.
D) The person becomes more distressed and more rigid.
D) the person more distressed and more rigid
How does a person respond when faced with incongruity in one aspect of the self, according to the self actualisation view
a) They become more flexible in all aspects
b) They stress their certainty about other things
c) They become indifferent to their beliefs
d) They become less zealous
b) They stress their certainty about other things
What does the person try to compensate for when faced with incongruity in one aspect of the self?
a) Increased flexibility
b) Threatened aspects of the self
c) Decreased distress
d) Indifference to personal values
b) Threatened aspects of the self
according to the self actualisation view, people faced with incongruity become more extreme and zealous in
A) Adapting and adjusting their beliefs.
B) Questioning and reevaluating their values.
C) Their memories of certain events
D) Their beliefs and personal values.
D) Their beliefs and personal values.
the simplest view of behavioural problems from the hierarchical model suggest that they stem from
A) Superficial and easily resolvable issues.
B) Deeply rooted conflict between goals.
C) The absence of internal conflicts.
D) Random and unpredictable factors.
B) deeply rooted conflict between goals.
The hierarchical model of self regulation suggests that people face problems when they
A) want abstract goals but lack the know-how to reach them
B) have concrete goals that are too easily achievable
C) set unrealistic goals
D) lack the motivation to pursue their goals
A) want abstract goals but lack the know-how to reach them
what model would suggest that problems in behaviour arise because people want to be “fulfilled,” “successful,” or “well liked” but don’t know the strategies to attain these goal
A) cognitive-behavioral model
B) hierarchical model
C) social cognitive model
D) psychodynamic model
B) hierarchical model
what model would suggest that problems in behaviour arise because a person is committed to two goals that can’t be attained easily at the same time
A) cognitive-behavioral model
B) hierarchical model
C) social cognitive model
D) psychodynamic model
B) hierarchical model
what would the hierarchical view suggest about the difficulty in disengaging from some goals
A) its difficult to reassess your perspective
B) the goals are central to your self
C) the goals are irrelevant to your self
D) the goals are too easily achievable
B) the goals are central to your self
from the self regulation perspective what happens when people lose a big source of self worth and focus too long on trying to regain it often
A) they become highly motivated to achieve new goals
B) they engage in adaptive coping strategies
C) turns it into a habit
D) they quickly recover and move on
C) turns it into a habit
if the hierarchical model suggests that problems stems from the idea of a deeply rooted conflict between goals, then what would a solution be
A)
B)
C) decide that one goal contributes more to your higher-order values than the other and reduce investment in the other one
D) create strategies to know how to reach those goals
C) decide that one goal contributes more to your higher-order values than the other and reduce investment in the other one
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and her colleagues argue that those who are prone to depression focus much of their attention on their sad feelings. according to the self regulation view, what would be the underlying assumption of this
A) they need to take responsibility for this self perpetuating cycle
B) inadequate mirroring by parents frustrates the depression needs
C) the person focuses too much on conditions of worth
D) rumination prolongs a depressed state
D) rumination prolongs a depressed state
according to the self regulation perspective, much of human behaviour
A) is monitored closely
B) is cued automatically
C) is ones responsibility
D) is based on ones sense of connectedness to others
B) is cued automatically
how does the cognitives perspective conceptualise depression
A) it is a variant of anxiety, reflecting an oversensitive avoidance system and an ineffective constraint system
B) people rely on automatic thoughts and negative preconceptions
C) occurs from interpersonal rejection
D) people prone to depression focus to much of their attention on their sad feelings and this rumination prolongs the depressive state
B) people rely on automatic thoughts and negative preconceptions
how does the self regulation perspective conceptualise depression
A) it is a variant of anxiety, reflecting an oversensitive avoidance system and an ineffective constraint system
B) people rely on automatic thoughts and negative preconceptions
C) occurs from interpersonal rejection and early adversity
D) people prone to depression focus to much of their attention on their sad feelings and this rumination prolongs the depressive state
D) people prone to depression focus to much of their attention on their sad feelings and this rumination prolongs the depressive state
how does the psychosocial perspective conceptualise depression
A) it is a variant of anxiety, reflecting an oversensitive avoidance system and an ineffective constraint system
B) people rely on automatic thoughts and negative preconceptions
C) occurs from interpersonal rejection and early adversity
D) people prone to depression focus to much of their attention on their sad feelings and this rumination prolongs the depressive state
C) occurs from interpersonal rejection and early adversity
how does the biological perspective conceptualise depression
A) it is a variant of anxiety, reflecting an oversensitive avoidance system and an ineffective constraint system
B) people rely on automatic thoughts and negative preconceptions
C) occurs from interpersonal rejection and early adversity
D) people prone to depression focus to much of their attention on their sad feelings and this rumination prolongs the depressive state
A) it is a variant of anxiety, reflecting an oversensitive avoidance system and an ineffective constraint system
according to the self regulation perspective, what is anxiety a signal of
A) that you have an ineffective constraint system making emotions more intense
B) disorganization from the organismic valuing process
C) that you’re not paying enough attention to personal well-being
D) you’re paying too much attention to things other than what you’re trying to do making you less efficient
C) that you’re not paying enough attention to personal well-being