2.4.3 Ethics Flashcards
(13 cards)
what are ethical issues
Moral concerns arising from research
what is deception
Deliberately misleading or falsely informing participants about the nature of research
what is valid consent
Includes giving participants enough information (in a form they can
understand) so that they can make an informed choice about whether they wish to participate
risks of stress, anxiety, humiliation or pain
Research that could induce more than minimal pain through repetitive or prolonged testing
Invasive testing, e.g administration of drugs, or vigorous physical exercise
- not usually be encountered in everyday life
- considered unethical
Risks to participants’ values, beliefs, relationships, status or privacy
Research that is likely to face this type of risk focuses on socially sensitive topics (e.g. sexuality)
- includes potentially sensitive data (e.g. confidential documents).
what is confidentiality
Third parties should not be able to trace information back to
individual participants. This is usually achieved through providing anonymity
e.g. using participant numbers not names
working with vulnerable individuals
examples:
- Children under the age of 16
- those lacking in mental capacity
- people in care
- people in custody (prison) or on probation
- people engaged in illegal activities, e.g drug use
Issues of consent are of particular concern
working with animals
Research with non-human species is strictly controlled
Restrictions on type of animal, care, number of animals required etc. are all controlled by ethical guidelines and laws such as the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) and the 3Rs
give 4 examples of the (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) guidelines and laws
- Replacing the use of animals with other forms of testing where possible
- considering the choice of species and strain – e.g. using only species that are ethically and scientifically suitable to the subject matter being studied
- reducing the number of animals used and refining procedures to ensure any tasks/research does not cause unnecessary death, harm or illness to the animal.
- Researchers working with animals must also obtain the relevant licenses from the Home Office.
how do you deal with ethical issues
- ethical committees and guidelines must be used in ALL research - - – With humans, the concepts of debriefing & right to withdraw are essential.
what are ethical guidlines
They provide a set of moral principles that guide research from its
inception through to completion and publication of results.
what are ethical committees
The board that is in place to ensure that proposed research meets the standards of the current ethical codes of conduct and guidelines.
There will be a cost-benefit analysis of the research and suggestions will be made for any modifications that are deemed necessary to protect participants
what is debriefing
A method which aims to ensure participants are aware of the true nature of the study (overcoming any deception)
It should return the participant back to their original state
