2nd QUARTER- ANATOMY 2 Exam 3

Question 1

The space between the lungs where the heart and great blood vessels is housed.

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

Referring exclusive to the upper chambers of the human heart

Answer 2

atria

Question 3

A single upper chamber of the human heart

Answer 3

atrium

Question 4

four (4) distinct chambers of the heart

Answer 4

Right Atrium -
Left Atrium -
Right Ventricle -
Left Ventricle-

Question 5

The upper right chamber of the heart

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

The upper left chamber of the heart

Answer 6

left atrium

Question 7

The lower right chamber of the heart

Answer 7

right ventricle

Question 8

The lower left chamber of the heart

Answer 8

left ventricle

Question 9

the natural opening present between the upper chambers of the fetal heart. Allows the fetal lungs to develop

Answer 9

foramen ovale

Question 10

the oval shaped shallow depression best seen in the right atrium of an adult heart. This is formed where the foramen ovale used to be located.

Answer 10

fossa ovalis

Question 11

two lower chambers of the human heart. They are larger in capacity than the upper chambers

Answer 11

ventricles

Question 12

Two structures only found in the ventricles of the heart:

Answer 12

Papillary muscles -

Chordae tendineae -

Question 13

finger like muscles only found within the ventricles of the heart. Used to regulate or control specific heart valves.

Answer 13

papillary muscles

Question 14

look like little pieces of string called tendious cords. Attach papillary muscles to individual sections (cusps) of the heart valve which they control.

Answer 14

chordae tendineae

Question 15

individual sections of a human heart valve

Answer 15

cusps

Question 16

four major valves in the heart

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve -
Pulmonary (semilunar) valve -
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve -
Aortic (semilunar) valve -

Question 17

consist of 3 distinct sections or cusps - control the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle. Regulated or controlled by papillary muscles and chordae tendineae which are only found in the right ventricle of the heart.

Answer 17

tricuspid valve

Question 18

consist of 3 distinct sections or cusps. Controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
Relies on backflow of blood to fill up the cusps to prevent it from going back into the chamber.

Answer 18

pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Question 19

the only heart valve that consists of two distinct sections or cusps. Controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle. The papillary muscles and chordae tendineae controls this valve and are only located in the left ventricle of the lower chamber of the heart.

Answer 19

bicuspid (mitral) valve

Question 20

consists of three distinct cusps or sections. Controls the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta. Similar to the pulmonary (semilunar) valve, it relies on the backflow of blood to fill up the three cusps of this opening and close the valve.

Answer 20

aortic (semilunar) valve

Question 21

Which two heart valves are controlled by papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?

Answer 21

Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Question 22

Layers in the walls of the heart (innermost to outermost).

Answer 22

Endocardium – .
Myocardium -
Pericardium – (peri- around)

Question 23

the innermost layer of the heart. This is the layer in which the heart valves are made. Makes up the cusps of the heart valve

Answer 23

endocardium

Question 24

the muscle layer of the heart. It is thickest in the left ventricle. The last chamber to receive oxygenated blood from the heart to the entire body.

Answer 24

myocardium

Question 25

the sack surrounding the heart.

Answer 25

pericardium

Question 26

two types of pericardium

Answer 26

visceral pericardium | parietal pericardium

Question 27

that part of the pericardium directly attached to the heart

Answer 27

visceral pericardium

Question 28

outermost layer of the heart and the layer of the pericardium closest to the body wall.

Answer 28

parietal pericardium

Question 29

second largest vein in the human body. It will eventually drain any blood coming from the head, neck, upper extremities, and thoracic region.

Answer 29

superior vena cava

Question 30

the largest vein in the human body. It eventually drains blood from the lower extremities and abdomen

Answer 30

inferior vena cava

Question 31

is the key chamber to establish drainage in embalming.

Answer 31

right atrium

Question 32

the large vein which drains blood from the heart itself

Answer 32

coronary sinus

Question 33

carry blood high in oxygen away from the heart of a living human. They become smaller away from the heart

Answer 33

arteries

Question 34

start small and become larger closer to the heart. carries blood low in oxygen toward the heart.

Answer 34

veins

Question 35

- the opening of the superior vena cava (the angle it enters the right atrium of the heart - superiorly or top) (SVC) directly into the right atrium of the heart.

Answer 35

superior vena cava orifice

Question 36

(Angle it enters the right atrium of the heart - inferiorly or bottom). The opening of the inferior vena cava (IVC) directly into the right atrium of the heart

Answer 36

inferior vena cava orifice

Question 37

the opening located between the right atrium and right ventricle. In turn controlled by the tricuspid valve

Answer 37

Right atrioventricular orifice

Question 38

the opening located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Only controlled by the bicuspid or mitral valve

Answer 38

Left atrioventricular orifice

Question 39

the opening of the coronary sinus directly into the right atrium of the heart.

Answer 39

Coronary sinus orifice

Question 40

the four opening of the pulmonary veins directly into the atrium of the heart.

Answer 40

Pulmonary vein orifices

Question 41

the opening located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

Answer 41

Pulmonary trunk orifice

Question 42

the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta (the largest artery in the human body)

Answer 42

Aortic orifice

Question 43

right ventricle and left atrium- the two way exchange of blood between the heart and the lungs

Answer 43

pulmonary circulation

Question 44

The only two chambers of the heart involved in pulmonary circulation are the ______ and the __________ The _________ is the chamber of the heart in which pulmonary circulation begins. The__________ is where pulmonary circulation ends.

Answer 44

right ventricle left atrium right ventricle left atrium

Question 45

left ventricle and right atrium- the two way exchange between the heart and the rest of the body except for the lungs

Answer 45

Systemic circulation

Question 46

The only two chambers involved in systemic circulation are the ________ and the ________. The__________ of the heart is where systemic circulation begins. The _________ is where systemic circulation ends. Systemic circulation would include a study of an openings of the heart valves, orifices of the heart, an arteries or veins of the body that are involved in this two way exchange of blood and the body, EXCEPT THE LUNGS

Answer 46

left ventricle right atrium left ventricle right atrium

Question 47

oval shaped opening naturally present between the atria or upper chambers of the fetal heart

Answer 47

foramen ovale

Question 48

oval shaped shallow depression of the heart, best seen in the right atrium of the adult heart. These changes need to occur shortly after birth.

Answer 48

fossa ovalis

Question 49

- a passageway for blood, located between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta, in fetal circulation. Designed to shunt or bypass shipment to the fetal lungs

Answer 49

Ductus arteriosus

Question 50

adult counterpart structure of ductus arteriosus. It should turn into a ligament shortly after birth. It shouldn’t carry blood after you are born

Answer 50

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 51

A single vein present in fetal circulation designed to shunt or bypass shipment of blood the fetal liver

Answer 51

Ductus venosus

Question 52

is the adult counterpart structure of the ductus venosus. It should turn a ligament shortly after birth

Answer 52

Ligamentum venosus

Question 53

two arteries of fetal circulation that carry blood low in oxygen and high in waste products from the fetus to the placenta

Answer 53

umbilical arteries

Question 54

– the adult counterpart of the two umbilical arteries.

Answer 54

Lateral umbilical ligaments

Question 55

the single vein which conveys blood high in oxygen and useable food substances from the placenta to the fetus

Answer 55

Umbilical vein

Question 56

the adult counterpart of the umbilical vein

Answer 56

Ligamentum teres of the liver

Question 57

Layers of Blood vessels (Arteries) -Outer most to inner most

Answer 57

``` Tunica adventitia (tunica externa) Tunica media (muscle layer) Tunica intima (interna) . ```

Question 58

outer most layer of the three layers (elastic tissue) of blood vessels. Function is to allow the embalmer to stretch the vessel to the surface.

Answer 58

Tunica adventitia (tunica externa)

Question 59

middle layer of a three layer blood vessel. Known as smooth (visceral) muscles. Allow for shipment of blood.

Answer 59

Tunica media (muscle layer)

Question 60

inner most layer. The only layer continuous, which means it is found in every blood vessel of the human body

Answer 60

Tunica intima (interna)

Question 61

a three layered blood vessels that carries blood HIGH in oxygen away from the heart of a living person.

Answer 61

artery

Question 62

As arteries move away from the heart they lose which layer?

Answer 62

tunica adventitia layer

Question 63

(tiny arteries) - a two layer blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart of a living person. Only contains tunica media and tunica intima

Answer 63

Arteriole

Question 64

As the artery continues to move away from the heart the next (2nd) layer lost is?

Answer 64

tunica media (muscle layer)

Question 65

a single layered blood vessel. Only contains tunica intima It is at this point that the arterial portion of the blood vascular system unites with the venous portion of the blood vascular system and the process reverse. In Reverse - The tunica media (muscle layer) reappears

Answer 65

capillary

Question 66

(a tiny vein) -two layered blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart of a living person. The Tunica adventitia (externa) then reappears

Answer 66

venule

Question 67

three layered blood vessel that carries blood toward the heart of a living person

Answer 67

veins

Question 68

Layers making up a vein are ________ than that of an artery.

Answer 68

thinner

Question 69

The capillary level is where life occurs. The walls are so thin blood has to line up to pass. Veins are the suction side as blood moves toward the heart of a living person. Veins start small and as the venule or tunica media (muscle layer) reappears, it leaves a two layer vein carrying blood to the heart. As blood continues, the tunica intima (interna), third layer, or vein reappears carrying blood toward the heart of a living person. Layers of a vein are thinner and can be ruptured more easily. 85% of blood shifts to the venous side of the body following death. Veins are equipped with valves to prevent the back flow of blood going towards the heart of a living person from going to the lowest point to prevent the back flow.

Answer 69

--

Question 70

blood vessels that feed the outer layers of arteries, arterioles, veins, and venules. This is the red squiggly line found on blood vessels by which to differentiate an artery from a nerve.

Answer 70

Vasa vasdrum

Question 71

alternate (secondary) route of blood flow

Answer 71

Collateral circulation

Question 72

normal blood pressure

Answer 72

120/80

Question 73

top number of a blood pressure reading. the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle. Contraction of the ventricles

Answer 73

systole | systolic pressure

Question 74

bottom number of a blood pressure reading. the resting phase of the cardiac cycle. Contraction of the two small atria (upper chambers)

Answer 74

diastole | diastolic pressure

Question 75

low in oxygen blood; most important in embalming to establish and maintain drainage.

Answer 75

right atrium

Question 76

receives blood from the lungs

Answer 76

left atrium

Question 77

pumps unoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen

Answer 77

right ventricle

Question 78

largest and strongest muscle of the heart; last pump of blood with oxygen to the body via arteries

Answer 78

left ventricle

Question 79

venous side; blood low in oxygen

Answer 79

right side

Question 80

artery side; blood high in oxygen

Answer 80

left side

Question 81

Large artery which first ships blood low in oxygen from the heart toward the lungs

Answer 81

pulmonary trunk

Question 82

the largest artery in the human body.

Answer 82

aorta

Question 83

The plural cavity only surrounds the

Answer 83

lungs