Anatomy 1: The Final Material Flashcards
(101 cards)
0
Q
Functions of the skeletal system
A
- PROTECTION (rib cage, cranium, vertebrae)
- STORAGE AREA (99% of CA is stored in the bones)
- MOVEMENT (by means of tendons)
- SUPPORT ( framework were the soft tissues & bones attach themselves)
- HEMOPOESIS ( the formation of all cells in the blood)
1
Q
Osteology
A
The study of bones
2
Q
Hemopoesis
A
The formation of all cells in the blood
3
Q
How many bones make up the skeletal system?
A
206 in total, with the exception of :
Sutural (WORMIAN) bones
And
Sesamoid bones
4
Q
Sutural bones
A
“WORMIAN”
Are small irregular shaped bones that sometimes form along the line of fusion of the cranial bones
5
Q
Sesamoid Bones
A
Any bone embedded in the tendon of a muscle
6
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
Consists of 80 bones out of the 206 that make up the skeletal system
7
Q
Skull
A
Consists of 28 bones of the 206 bones found in the skeletal system
Houses the organs of sight and the brain
8
Q
Cranium
A
Consist of 8 distinct bones that fuses together to protect the brain
9
Q
Face
A
Consists of 14 classified bones of the 206 bones of the skeletal system
10
Q
Auditory Ossicles
A
“Ear Bones”
6 bones in total
11
Q
Hyoid
A
Horseshoe shaped single bone located between the middle of the lower jaw and the voice box
12
Q
Vertebrae
A
26 bones that make up the adult spinal column.
Houses the spinal cord
13
Q
Sternum
A
“Breast Bone”
1 bone in total
14
Q
Ribs
A
Consists of 24 individual bones
Or
12 pairs
15
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
Consists of 126 of the 206 Bones that make up the skeletal system
16
Q
Upper extremities & Pectoral Joint
appendages & shoulder joints
A
Consists of 64 bones
17
Q
Lower extremities & Pelvic Girdle
appendages & hip joints
A
Consists of 62 bones
18
Q
Frontal Bone
A
“Fore head bone”
1 bone
19
Q
Supraorbital Margin
A
“Orbital Cavity”
Superior boundary of the eye sockets
20
Q
Superciliary Arches
A
Prominent ridge off the frontal bone, located posterior to the eye brows or “supercillia”
21
Q
Glabella
A
Slight elevation located at the medial ends of the superciliary arches.
Middle of the eye brows
22
Q
Frontal eminences
A
Two rounded protuberances which give roundness and fullness to the forehead
23
Q
Frontal air sinuses
A
Air spaces of the forehead
24
Parietal Bones
Forms the roof and sides of the cranial vault
25
Occipital Bone
Bone in which the brain stem passes
Base of the cranial vault
26
Foramen Magnum
Large opening on the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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Occipital Condyles
Two prominences off the occipital bone on both sides of the foramen magnum.
Only part of the skull that has direct contact with the spinal column.
Articulates with the 1st cervicle vertebrae
28
External Occipital Protuberance
"inion"
Single boney prominence on the base of the skull
Serves as a point of muscle attachment
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Temporal Bones
Thickest bone in the left & right temple regions
Helps to form the sides if the cranial vault
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Squamous Portion
"Squama"
Thin shell shaped upper portion of the temporal bone
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Petrous Portion
Part of each temporal bone that projects into the cranial cavity
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3 Auditory Ossicles
Malleus "HAMMER"
Incus "ANVIL"
Stapes "STIRRUP"
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Carotid Canal
Passageways through each temporal bone through which the internal carotid arteries pass
34
Mastoid Portion - Air Cells
Massive part of the temporal bone located directly behind the ear
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Mandibular Fossa
Two shallow depressions off the temporal bone through which the mandible or lower jaw articulates
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External Auditory Meatus
Passageway through the temporal bone through which sound waves initially pass
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Zygomatic Process
Is the boney projection off each temporal bone which goes anteriorly or to the front.
Forms the widest part of the face
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Sphenoid Bone
Bat shaped bone inside the skull
Helps to form the middle cranial fossa
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Stella Turcica
"Turkish Saddle"
Shallow depression in the sphenoid bone
Houses and protects the pituitary gland
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Sphenoid Air Sinuses
Air sinuses in the sphenoid bone
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Ethmoid Bone
Made up of 8 bones
Thin line inside the nose
Single thin and delicate bone of the cranium
Helps to form the boney structure of the nasal septum
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Cribriform Plate
The most superior horizontal portion of the ethmoid bone
Separates the 2 nasal cavities from the cranial cavity
43
Crista Galli
Short vertical portion of the ethmoid bone that projects into the cranial cavity
44
Perpendicular Plate
Long vertical portion located beneath the cribriform plate
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Ethmoid Air Sinuses
Air sinuses located in the ethmoid bone
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Nasal Bones
Two small rectangular bone of the face that forms the bridge of the nose
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Lacrimal Bones
"Eye Sockets"
Paired fingernail shaped bones of the face which forms the medial boundaries of the orbital cavities
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Vomer Bone
Single or unpaired bone of the face
Helps to form the the boney structure of the nasal septum
49
Palatine Bones
2 "L" shaped bones of the face that helps to from the posterior portion of the hard palate
50
Maxillary Process
The horizontal portion of each palatine bone which forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
51
Zygomatic Bones
"Malar" of "Cheek Bones"
Makes up the lateral boundaries of the eye sockets
52
Temporal processes
Boney projections of each zygomatic bone which runs posteriorly.
Unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
Forms the zygomatic arch "the widest part of the face"
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Inferior nasal conchae
Most inferior part of the 3 pairs of conchaes
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Maxillae
"upper jaw"
2 bones that form the upper jaw
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Maxillary Air Sinuses
"Antrum of Highmore"
Air spaces in the upper jaw
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Alveolar Process
"Tooth sockets"
The spaces where the teeth are housed
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Palatine process
The horizontal part of the maxillae that forms the hard portion of the hard palate
58
Mandible
"lower jaw"
Second example of of the impaired bone of the face
Only movable bone of the face
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Ramus
"camel shaped"
The vertical portion on both sides of the lower jaw
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Angle
Point at which each ramus unites with the body
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Mandible Body
The flat part of the lower jaw portion
The largest portion of the lower jaw
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Mental Protuberance
"chin"
Slight elevation on the front of the mandible
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Sternum
"breast bone"
Single bone of the rib cage
Serves as the anterior point of attachment for the first 10 pair of ribs
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Manubrium
Most superior segment of the breast bone
Characterized by 3 notches
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Sternum Body
Largest part of the sternum
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Zyphoid Process
"hangy down part"
Most inferior segment of the breast bone
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How many ribs are there?
12 pair
Or
24 individual
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True ribs
First 7 pairs of ribs directly attached to the costal cartilage and breast bone
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False ribs
Rib pairs 8-12 the costal cartilage IF PRESENT does not directly attach to the breast bone
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Floating ribs
Rib pairs 11-12 are the only ribs that do not have costal cartilage
71
Clavicle
"collar bones"
2 medial ends attaches to the breast bone
The lateral ends attaches to the scapula
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Scapula
"shoulder bones"
Triangular shaped bone
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Humerus
"arm bone"
Only bone located between the shoulder and elbow bones
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Ulna
"forearm bone"
Largest and most medial bone of the forearm
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Olecranon process
Ole C. Ranon
"elbow"
Is the boney projection located off the proximal end of the ulna
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Radius
"forearm bone"
The most lateral bone and the smaller bone of the forearm
77
Carpal bones
Bones making up the wrist
8 in each wrist, 16 in total
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Metacarpal bones
Bones located beyond the wrist bones
Makes up the palms of the hand
5 in each hand, 10 in total
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Phalanges
"fingers & toes"
14 in each finger and toes, 28 in total
80
Os coxae
"hip bone"
3 separate bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis (pubic bone)
81
Ilium
Largest and most superior segment of the is coxae
The two ^ ^ or the top of the butterfly wings
82
Ischium
Most inferior segment of the os coxae
The two bottom butterfly wings
83
Pubis
"pubic bone"
Most anterior bone in the os coxae
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Femur
"thigh bone"
The only bone found in the thigh region
Longest bone in the body
85
Patella
"knee cap"
Largest and only classified sesamoid bone of the skeleton
86
Tibia
"shin bone"
Largest and most medial bone in the leg
87
Medial malleolus
Boney prominence off the distal end of the tibia
Inside ankle bone
88
Fibula
Smaller and most lateral bone in the leg region
89
Lateral malleolus
Boney projection off the distal end of the fibula
Outside ankle bone
90
Tarsal Bones
"ankle bone"
7 present in each, 14 total
91
Metatarsal bones
Bones located beyond the ankle bones
Make up the arch of the foot
5 in each, 10 total
92
Arthrology
Treatment of joints
93
Synthrosis
Totally immovable parts
94
Cranial sutures
Skull fushions
95
Arising from fontanels
Soft spots
96
Sternocostal joint
Where the first 7 pair of costal cartilage joins the sternum
97
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly moveable joint
98
Pubic symphysis
Band of connective tissues which joins the pubic joints
99
Sacrosanct iliac articulation
Joint between the iliac and sacrum of the hip bone
100
Diarthrosis
Freely movable joints
