6.2

Question 1

negative regulators of B cells

Answer 1

some B10 b cells in the spleen secrete il10 that shuts down inflamatory responses

neg signalling through CD22 OR FCYRIIB shuts down BCR

leads to most newly generated B cells to die

Question 2

how does neg signalling through CD22 OR FCYRIIB shuts down BCR work

Answer 2

contains ITIMs
-phosphorylatin recruits SHP1 tyr phosphotase
-CD22 binds on other cells and signals the same time as BCR
-FCYIIR binds immune complexs

Question 3

what happens in a TI reponse

Answer 3

generate IgM and no class swithcing
no memory

this always happens

Question 4

TI-1 ag

Answer 4

bact cell wall components bind to PRR on BCR

Question 5

TI-2 ag

Answer 5

bind to complement receptors and BCR

Question 6

what adjuvant is used in humans

Answer 6

aluminum potassium sulfate

Question 7

what is required to stimualte a strong immune respones

Answer 7

repeated exposure to ag

Question 8

intranasal route

Answer 8

MALT
may cause alleric repsonse
good for respirator virus vaccine

Question 9

gastrointestinal route

Answer 9

GALT
may induce TOLERANCE

Question 10

intravenous

Answer 10

spleen

Question 11

subcutaneous

Answer 11

lymph nodes
STRONGEST RESPONSE

Question 12

too little vs excess antigen dose

Answer 12

too little fails to activate enough lymphocytes

to much renders cells tolerant and unresponseive bc they think its self antigen

Question 13

hole in repitoire

Answer 13

individual lacks genetic info to make T or B lymph of particular specificity

Question 14

isotypic determinants

Answer 14

different types of antibodies

Question 15

allotypic determinants

Answer 15

different strains of the same type of antibody
same isotype

Question 16

idiotypic determinant

Answer 16

afainst different epitope

Question 17

degradability of Ags

Answer 17

proteins are very degradable- make good immunogens

T cells must be able to degraded ags into 4-10 aa length

Question 18

hapten complexity

Answer 18

one epitope

Question 19

many polysacchaides or homopolymers complexity

Answer 19

many epitopes of SAME specificity

Question 20

proteins complexity

Answer 20

many epitopes of diff specificities

Question 21

how does molecular weight affect immunogenecity

Answer 21

small subtances not very immunogenic

large over 6k Da are

haptens are low molecules weight so they are coupled to carrier

Question 22

list some requirements for immunogenicity

Answer 22

1. foreignness
2. high molecular weight
3. chemical complexity
4. degradability
5. genotype of host
6. antigen dosage
7. route of ag administration
8. adjuvants

Question 23

what classes of ag are not very immunogenic

Answer 23

carbs
lipids
nucleic acids

but virtually all proteins are imunogenic- each of the 4 levels of proteins structure contributes to immunogenicity

Question 24

immunogen vs antigen

Answer 24

antigen binds to part of immune syst

immunogen causes immune response

all immunogens are antigens

Question 25

if there were no GC, what process wont occur

Answer 25

SHM

CSR can occur outside of GC

Question 26

can CSR be reversed

Answer 26

no