9 + 10

Question 1

TCR antigen binding specificity is

Answer 1

random

Question 2

only TCR that recognizes _ can be activated

Answer 2

self MHC

Question 3

Walk me through t cellin the thymus

Answer 3

start w acquiring the TCR
- TCRb first w placeholder TCRa just like heavy and light chains
then aquire both CD4+,CD8+
then go through positive selection
then lose on of the +’s
then go through negative selection

DN (corticomedullary junction to cortex to subspapsular cortex) at the subcapsular cortex TCR rearrangement happens

in the cortex we acquire CD4+8+ and do positive selection there

negative selectino in the medulla

Question 4

lethal x irradiation

Answer 4

destroy bone marrow

didnt have an effect along w bone marrow graft on what cells recognized self MHC in mice experiment

Question 5

T cells w low TCR affinity for self

Answer 5

fail to be positively selected

Question 6

where does negative selection occur

Answer 6

in medulla by thymic mTECs and thymic dendritic cells

Question 7

what carries superantigens

Answer 7

bacteria and viruses

Question 8

superantigens result

Answer 8

activate 5% of peripheral t cells and lead to massive negative selection and deletion in the thymus

Question 9

gamma delta T cells expressedin association w _ but not _

Answer 9

CD3 but not CD4,8+

Question 10

GAMMA DEELTA T CELLS DEFENSE

Answer 10

primary defense

Question 11

variability of y D t cells

Answer 11

less variable than a B

Question 12

the two signals for t cells can

Answer 12

come from two different cells or mimmicked using ab but this isnt the normal case

Question 13

what makes up the psmac

Answer 13

adhesion molecules and bound ligands

Question 14

what activates macrophages

Answer 14

PAMPS and t cell help (ifn y)

Question 15

what activates dendritic cells

Answer 15

PAMPs and cytokines

Question 16

what activates b cells

Answer 16

ag

Question 17

what inc the likelihood of T cell meeting its right ag

Answer 17

the ability of t cells to recirculate the lymph system and meet DC that go to the lymph node w the ag

Question 18

what allows for paracrine IL2 to have an effect

Answer 18

if the non self cells also upregulated high affinity IL2 receptor

Question 19

what is the result of IL2 and IL2R

Answer 19

many genetically identical memory and efector T cells

Question 20

what does cyclosporin do

Answer 20

prevents calcineuring dephosphorylating NFATc

Question 21

wgat is the purpose of B7/CD28 and ICOS

Answer 21

ahesive interactinos

Question 22

cytokine effect on B cells

Answer 22

allows them to progress through the cell cycle

Question 23

what induces cytokine secrection by APCs

Answer 23

binding to PAMPs

Question 24

IFNY in TH1

Answer 24

activates macrophages which turns on thier microbicidal activity and secretes IL12 further skewing to TH1

class switch B cells to igG

Question 25

cytokines in deciding the Th cell subset

Answer 25

positive feedback activates master regulator for one type and inhibits master regulatro for another type

Question 26

Th17 polarizing cytokines

Answer 26

il17, TGFB il6 il23

Question 27

function of il17

Answer 27

autoimmune dual protective and pathogenic role mutated in HIES due to STAT3 mutation protects against bacteria and funghi

Question 28

peripheral t reg function

Answer 28

differ from thymic t reg important in pregnancy il10 and TGFb inhibit APC activity by targettingother t cells

Question 29

peripheral treg cytokines`

Answer 29

TGFB il10 il2

Question 30

retinoic acid/ vit a

Answer 30

plays a role in inducing Treg polarization

Question 31

TGFB

Answer 31

upregulates both FOXP3 and RORYT both of which miportant at balacing and at barrier tissues

Question 32

Tfh master regulator

Answer 32

Bcl6

Question 33

Tfh cytokines

Answer 33

il4 il21 il6

Question 34

Tfh purpose

Answer 34

imortant for germinal centre high CD40L express CXCR5 (and ICOS) which draws it to CXCL13 in germianal centre afffinity maturation

Question 35

BCL2

Answer 35

inhbitis tbet gata3 RORYT

Question 36

what th cell important for b and t cell help

Answer 36

b cell help- tfh t cell help- th1

Question 37

what also induces anergy

Answer 37

inhibitory costimulatory receptors/ signlas CTLA 4 instead of CD28- induced within 24 of t cell activation- binds w higher affinity than CD28 PD 1 binding to PDL1 - important for cancer therapy

Question 38

anti PD1 mAB cancer therapy

Answer 38

nivolumab pembrolizumab

Question 39

anti CTLA4 cancer therapy

Answer 39

ipilumab

Question 40

what induces apoptosis

Answer 40

actiavtion of Fas recetpro on activated T cells trimerization when Fas interacts w its receptor brings in FADD activates pro apoptotic caspace proteases apoptosis

Question 41

B cell only getting signal 1

Answer 41

apoptosis

Question 42

b cell only getting signal 2

Answer 42

neglect

Question 43

t cell only getting signal 1

Answer 43

anergy

Question 44

t ecll only getting signal 2

Answer 44

nothing

Question 45

where are niave b cells found

Answer 45

in the spleen

Question 46

where are memory b cells found

Answer 46

BM LN spleen

Question 47

abs in naive b cells

Answer 47

IGM IGD low

Question 48

abs in memory b cells

Answer 48

all of them high

Question 49

how are memory CTLs activated

Answer 49

can be w/o t cell help

Question 50

how are memory b cells activated

Answer 50

still need Th cell help

Question 51

generation of tc cells

Answer 51

either sequentially or simultaneously Th allows DC to use the cross presentation pathway to express an endogenous antigen on MHCI to activate Tc cells

Question 52

how does a CTL functino

Answer 52

lethal hit and delivery system forms congugate w target cell and cytoplasm rearranges CTL granule exocytosis (perforins and granzymes in FasL) CTL dissociation CTL recycling

Question 53

pathways used by CTLs and NK cells to induce apoptosis

Answer 53

2 pathways caspase 3 Fas L- perforins and granszymes

Question 54

NK cells vs CTLS

Answer 54

have the same cytotoxic machienery but different ways of target recognition and regulation

Question 55

loss of MHC molecule expression on APC

Answer 55

promotes killing of altered self cel

Question 56

up regulation of stress induced ligands

Answer 56

promotes killing of altered self cell

Question 57

presence of MHC I but a little of activating stress indued ligand

Answer 57

NK cell inhibited

Question 58

NK cell memory

Answer 58

exists