ch 17

Question 1

what cells are associated w graft TOLERANCE

Answer 1

T regs

Question 2

where are grafts likely to be accepted

Answer 2

allografts in immunologically privelaged sites

Question 3

what is total lymphoid irridation to eliminate lymphocytes

Answer 3

Effectively wipes out the recipient’s own immune cells, creating a
situation where donor stem cells can engraft and form a “new”
immune system safely

Question 4

when is total lymphoid irridation to eliminate lymphocytes used

Answer 4

Often used in bone marrow transplants or to treat graft-versus-
host disease (GvHD)
* when the donor cells target the recipient cells, can occur with HSCT

Question 5

what are the generalized immunosupresive therapies

Answer 5

axathioprine
cyclosphosphamide

and both used with corticosteroids (cyclophosphamide w corticosteroids better)

Question 6

what is better for graft acceptance

Answer 6

specific inhibitor of T cell activation

Question 7

what is azathioprine

Answer 7

generlize immunosupressive therapy

mitotic inhibitor that diminishes B and T cell proliferation
-dramatically inc survival rates of allografts

Question 8

what is cyclophosphamide

Answer 8

inserts into DNA helix disrupting it

generalized immunosupressive therapy

Question 9

what are some specific immunosupressiev therapies

Answer 9

mAbs
soluble CTLA-4 fusion proteins to induce T cell anergy

Question 10

specific immunosuppressive mAb example

Answer 10

mAb to CD3 depletes T cells prior to transplant (OKT3)

Question 11

what is a drug that is a soluble CTLA-4 fusion protein

Answer 11

belatracept

Question 12

transplant bc genetically identical ppl

Answer 12

isograft

Question 13

transplant from the person to themselves

Answer 13

autograft

Question 14

transplant form a different species

Answer 14

xenograft

Question 15

transplant from a non genetically identical person

Answer 15

allograft

Question 16

what mediates graft rejection

Answer 16

T cells

cd4+ more than cd8+ but both facilitate it together

learned through adoptive transfer

Question 17

what is the process of graft rejection

Answer 17

first set- 12-14 days
-forms memory for anti graft response

second set- 5-6 days

normally we get revascularization and some neutrophils at the site

in reejction, we get revascularization than LOTS of neutrophils and leads to blood clots and necrosis

Question 18

what tissues are histocompatible

Answer 18

tissues that are antigenically similar

MHC different loci/genes (found in hymans and other heterozygously outbred populations) lead to rejection

Question 19

list the antigens from most to least important that lead to rejection

Answer 19

blood groups

MHC compatibility (sped up using molecular assays)

if mismatched, we can use anti-rejection drugs