lect 13

Question 1

vaccine sucess stories

Answer 1

small pox
chicken cholera
polio almost

Question 2

HPV vaccine

Answer 2

greately reduces the risk of cancer

Question 3

onesimus

Answer 3

brought scarification from west africa to new england

Question 4

what is one thing to take into consideration for vaccines

Answer 4

what type of immunity the pathogen requirews (cell mediated or humoral)

Question 5

what do vaccines give

Answer 5

immunity against pathogen without infection or associated sickeness

Question 6

correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or B cells

Answer 6

antibodies
neutralization
opsonization
metabolix intereference
EXTERNAL COMPONENT OF ANTIGEN

Question 7

correlates of protection (what immune response induced) or T cells

Answer 7

cytokine productin
B cell help
direct killing of infected cells
processing of antigen means we get both EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL COMPOENNT

Question 8

enhances immunogenicicity

Answer 8

adjuvant

Question 9

pneumococcal pneumonia antigen

Answer 9

capsular polysaccharide

Question 10

how do adjuvants alter leukocytes

Answer 10

recruit them to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine

encourage leukocyte maturation and migration (activation of pAPCs and trafficking to draining lymph nodes)

Question 11

what type of vaccines induce cell mediated and humoral

Answer 11

viral vector
mRNA
live attenuated
some subunits

Question 12

live attenuated

Answer 12

wekaened so cant cause disease or key genes removed to limit viral spread

Question 13

adjuvant for live attenuated

Answer 13

not required

Question 14

benifits of live attenuated

Answer 14

effective and long lasting activating mutiple arms of the immune system

alterantive routes of administration

delivers ag to MHC I and activates CD8+

Question 15

drawbacks of live attenuated

Answer 15

potential for reversion making it virulent

sometimes innaproperiately distributed to immunocomprimised populatinos

Question 16

oral polio vaccine type

Answer 16

live attenuated

Question 17

flu mist vaccine type

Answer 17

live attenuated

Question 18

benifit of whole inactivated

Answer 18

including many ag determinates, inc likelihood of response

Question 19

drawback of whole inactivated

Answer 19

endo or exo toxin

adjuvant required

repeated administration

trace chemicals

not many alternative routes of administration

Question 20

flu
hep a
injected salk polio
bact- pertussis and typhoid

Answer 20

whole inactivated

Question 21

what is a subunit vaccine

ex

Answer 21

has rep part of protein from pathogen

ex hep B surface ag
flu vaccine

chemically synth, expressed in cell and then purified

Question 22

whole inactivated adjuvant

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

what kind of vaccines are toxoids

Answer 23

chemically inactivated subunit vaccines

Question 24

drawbacks of subunit vaccnies

Answer 24

requires boosting

requires adjuvant

weak

weaker cell mediated- can be combined w lipid carrier to induce cell mediated

Question 25

polysaccharide memory and vaccine

Answer 25

no memory only igm bc TI response

Question 26

conjugate vaccines

Answer 26

allow for a memory repsonse T-D for polysaccharides allow for class switching affinity maturation generate memory B and T cells

Question 27

VLP

Answer 27

no NA, no infection its a protein that self assembles creating authentic antigenic structures

Question 28

HPV vaccine type

Answer 28

VLP

Question 29

drawbacks of VLP vaccine

Answer 29

requires adjuvent requires boosting

Question 30

benifits of VLP

Answer 30

humoral immunity greater than natural infection v

Question 31

viral vecor vaccine

Answer 31

DNA in a virus that uses human cells from HEK293 from human kidney embryonic cells

Question 32

oxford/astra zeneca vaccine jand j sputnik v

Answer 32

viral vector

Question 33

ebola vaccine

Answer 33

viral vector

Question 34

mRNA vaccine timeline

Answer 34

expressed on cell surface by 12-24 hrs stays for 6-10 days

Question 35

mRNA vaccine types

Answer 35

conventional mRNA and self amplifying mRNA

Question 36

mRNA vaccine steps

Answer 36

mRNA brought in by endosome and released and ribosome works on it and then it is prcessed by proteosome to ne expressed on MHC

Question 37

what are some serious side effects from vaccines

Answer 37

seizures allergic rxns guillian barre syndrome

Question 38

Ro and herd immunity

Answer 38

inversely proportional Herd immunity threshold= 1-1/Ro

Question 39

cognitive dissonance

Answer 39

disbelief in smth even when shown proof