AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinomimetic drugs

Question 1

Acetylcholine is not a specific neurotransmitter at

Answer 1

Sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

Question 2

Acetylcholine is a specific neurotransmitter at

Answer 2

• Sympathetic ganglia
• Parasympathetic ganglia
• Parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

Question 3

Muscarinic receptors are located in

Answer 3

Autonomic effector cells

Question 4

Indicate the location of M2 cholinoreceptor type

Answer 4

Heart

Question 5

The symptoms of mushroom poisoning include

Answer 5

• Salivation, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting
• Headache, abdominal colic
• Bradycardia, hypotension and shock

Question 6

The symptoms of mushroom poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 6

Dryness of mouth, hyperpyrexia, hallucination

Question 7

Which cholinomimetics activates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?

Answer 7

Bethanechol

Question 8

Indicate a cholinomimetic agent, which is related to direct-acting drugs

Answer 8

Carbachol

Question 9

Characteristics of carbachol include

Answer 9

• It decreases intraocular pressure
• It exerts both nicotinic and muscarinic effects
• It is resistant to acethylcholiesterase

Question 10

Characteristics of carbachol include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 10

It causes mydriasis

Question 11

Acetylcholine is not used in clinical practice because

Answer 11

It is very rapidly hydrolyzed.

Question 12

Parasympathomimetic drugs cause

Answer 12

Bradycardia

Question 13

Which direct-acting cholinomimetics is mainly muscarinic in action?

Answer 13

Bethanechol

Question 14

Which direct-acting cholinomimetics has the shortest duration of action?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Bethanechol has all of the following properties

Answer 15

• It is extremely resistant to hydrolysis
• Purely muscarinic in its action
• It is used for abdominal urinary bladder distention

Question 16

Bethanechol has all of the following properties EXCEPT

Answer 16

It exerts both nicotinic and muscarinic effects

Question 17

A M-cholinimimetic agent is

Answer 17

Pilocarpine

Question 18

Characteristics of pilocarpine include

Answer 18

• It is a tertiary amine alkaloid
• It causes miosis and a decrease in intraocular pressure
• It is useful in the treatment of glaucoma

Question 19

Characteristics of pilocarpine include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 19

Causes a decrease in secretory and motor activity of gut

Question 20

Which cholinomimetics is a plant derivative with lower potency than nicotine but with a similar spectrum of action?

Answer 20

Lobeline

Question 21

Which cholinomimetics is indirect-acting?

Answer 21

Edrophonium

Question 22

The mechanism of action of indirect-acting cholinomimetic agents is

Answer 22

Inhibition of the hydrolysis of endogenous acetylcholine

Question 23

Indicate a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Answer 23

Physostigmine

Question 24

Which cholinesterase inhibitors is irreversible?

Answer 24

Isoflurophate

Question 25

Indicate cholinesterase activator

Answer 25

Pralidoxime

Question 26

Isofluorophate increases all of the following effects except

Answer 26

Bronchodilation

Question 27

Isofluorophate increases all of the following effects

Answer 27

- Lacrimation - Muscle twitching - Salivation

Question 28

Indicate a cholinesterase inhibitor, which has an additional direct nicotinic agonist effect

Answer 28

Neostigmine

Question 29

Сholinesterase inhibitors do not produce

Answer 29

Dramatic hypertension and tachycardia

Question 30

Сholinesterase inhibitors produce

Answer 30

- Bradycardia, no change or modest fall in blood pressure - Increased strength of muscle contraction, especially in muscles weakened by myasthenia gravis - Miosis and reduction of intraocular pressure

Question 31

Which cholinomimetics is commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma?

Answer 31

Pilocarpine

Question 32

Indicate the organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, which can be made up in an aqueous solution for ophthalmic use and retains its activity within a week:

Answer 32

Echothiophate

Question 33

Which cholinomimetics is most widely used for paralytic ileus and atony of the urinary bladder?

Answer 33

Neostigmine

Question 34

Chronic long-term therapy of myasthenia is usually accomplished with

Answer 34

Neostigmine

Question 35

Which cholinomimetics is a drug of choice for reversing the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxants?

Answer 35

Edrophonium

Question 36

Indicate the reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, which penetrates the blood-brain bar

Answer 36

Physostigmine

Question 37

Which cholinomimetics is used in the treatment of atropine intoxication?

Answer 37

Physostigmine

Question 38

The symptoms of excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors include

Answer 38

- Abdominal cramps, diarrhea - Increased salivation, excessive bronchial secretion - Miosis, bradycardia

Question 39

The symptoms of excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 39

Weakness of all skeletal muscles

Question 40

The excessive stimulation of muscarinic receptors by pilocarpine and choline esters is blocked competitively by:

Answer 40

Atropine

Question 41

The toxic effects of a large dose of nicotine include

Answer 41

- Convulsions, coma and respiratory arrest - Skeletal muscle depolarization blockade and respiratory paralysis - Hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 42

The toxic effects of a large dose of nicotine include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 42

Hypotension and bradycardia

Question 43

The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include

Answer 43

- Salivation, sweating - Bronchial constriction - Vomiting and diarrhea

Question 44

The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include all of the following except

Answer 44

Mydriasis

Question 45

Which drugs is used for acute toxic effects of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 45

Pralidoxime