AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Adrenoreceptor activating drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Sympathetic stimulation is mediated by
A
- Release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals
- Activation of adrenoreceptors on postsynaptic sites
- Release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
2
Q
Characteristics of epinephrine include
A
- It is synthesized into the adrenal medulla
- It is transported in the blood to target tissues
- It directly interacts with and activates adrenoreceptors
3
Q
Characteristics of epinephrine include all of the following EXCEPT
A
It is synthesized into the nerve ending
4
Q
Which of the following sympathomimetics acts indirectly?
A
Ephedrine
5
Q
Indirect action includes all of the following properties
A
- Displacement of stored catecholamines from the adrenergic nerve ending
- Inhibition of reuptake of catecholamines already released
- Inhibition of the release of endogenous catecholamines from peripheral adrenergic neurons
6
Q
Indirect action includes all of the following properties EXCEPT
A
Interaction with adrenoreceptors
7
Q
Catecholamine includes
A
- Epinephrine
- Isoprenaline
- Norepinephrine
8
Q
Epinephrine decreases intracellular camp levels by acting on
A
α2 receptor
9
Q
True or False. Skeletal muscle vessels have predominantly alfa receptors and constrict in the presence of epinephrine and norepinephrine
A
FALSE
10
Q
True or False. ALFA receptors increase arterial resistence, whereas beta2 receptor promote smooth muscle relaxation
A
TRUE
11
Q
True or False. The skin and splanchic vessels have predominantly alfa receptors.
A
TRUE
12
Q
True or False. Vessels in a skeletal muscle may constrict or dilate depending on whether alfa or beta2 receptors are activated
A
TRUE
13
Q
Direct effects on the heart are determined largely by
A
Beta1 receptor
14
Q
Which of the following effects is related to direct beta1 adrenoreceptor stimulation?
A
Tachycardia
15
Q
Distribution of alfa adrenoreceptor subtypes is associated with all of the following tissues
A
- Blood vessels
- Prostate
- Pupillary dilator muscle
16
Q
Distribution of alfa adrenoreceptor subtypes is not associated with the tissues of
A
HEART
17
Q
Beta adrenoreceptor subtypes is not contained in tissues of
A
Pupillary dilator muscle
18
Q
Beta adrenoreceptor subtypes is contained in
A
- Bronchial muscles
- Heart
- Fat cells
19
Q
In which tissues both alfa and beta1 adrenergic stimulation produces the same effect?
A
Intestine
20
Q
The effects of sympathomimetics on blood pressure are associated with their effects on
A
- The heart
- The peripheral resistance
- The venous return
21
Q
A relatively pure alfa agonist causes
A
- Increase peripheral arterial resistance
- Increase venous return
- Reflex bradycardia
22
Q
A relatively pure alfa agonist do not causes
A
Effect on blood vessels
23
Q
A nonselective beta receptor agonist causes
A
- Increase cardiac output
- Decrease peripheral arterial resistance
- Decrease the mean pressure
24
Q
A nonselective beta receptor agonist do not causes
A
Increase peripheral arterial resistance
25
True or False. Αlfa agonists cause miosis.
FALSE
26
True or False. Αlfa agonists cause mydriasis.
TRUE
27
True or False. Beta antagonists decrease the production of aqueous humor
TRUE
28
True or False. Αlfa agonists increase the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye
TRUE
29
A bronchial smooth muscle contains
Beta 2 receptor
30
All of the following agents are beta receptor agonists
- Epinephrine
- Isoproterenol
- Dobutamine
31
All of the following agents are beta receptor agonists EXCEPT
Methoxamine
32
Which of the following drugs causes bronchodilation without significant cardiac stimulation?
Terbutaline
33
Αlfa-receptor stimulation includes
- Relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle
- Contraction of bladder base, uterus and prostate
- Stimulation of platelet aggregation
34
Αlfa-receptor stimulation do not includes
Stimulation of insulin secretion
35
Beta1 receptor stimulation includes
- Increase in contractility
- Tachycardia
- Increase in conduction velocity in the atrioventricular node
36
Beta1 receptor stimulation do not includes
Bronchodilation
37
Beta2 receptor stimulation includes
- Stimulation of renin secretion
- Fall of potassium concentration in plasma
- Relaxation of bladder, uterus
38
Beta2 receptor stimulation do not includes
Tachycardia
39
Hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine is due to
- Gluconeogenesis (beta2)
- Inhibition of insulin secretion (alfa)
- Stimulation of glycogenolysis (beta2)
40
Which of the following effects is associated with beta3-receptor stimulation?
Lipolysis
41
True or False. Norepinephrine has a predominantly beta action
FALSE
42
True or False. Epinephrine acts on both alfa- and beta-receptors
TRUE
43
True or False. Methoxamine has a predominantly alfa action
TRUE
44
True or False. Isoprenaline has a predominantly beta action
TRUE
45
Indicate the drug, which is a direct-acting both alfa- and beta-receptor agonist
Norepinephrine
46
Which of the following agents is an alfa1 alfa2 beta1 beta2 receptor agonist?
Epinephrine
47
Indicate the direct-acting sympathomimetic, which is an alfa1 alfa2 beta1 receptor agonist
Norepinephrine
48
Which of the following agents is an alfa1-selective agonist?
Methoxamine
49
Indicate the alfa2-selective agonist
Xylometazoline
50
Which agents is a nonselective beta receptor agonist?
Isoproterenol
51
Indicate the beta1-selective agonist
Dobutamine
52
Which sympathomimetics is a beta2-selective agonist?
Terbutaline
53
Indicate the indirect-acting sympathomimetic agent
Ephedrine
54
Epinephrine produces all of the following effects
- Positive inotropic and chronotropic actions on the heart (beta1 receptor)
- Increase peripheral resistance (alfa receptor)
- Skeletal muscle blood vessel dilatation (beta2 receptor)
55
Epinephrine produces all of the following effects EXCEPT
Predominance of alfa effects at low concentration
56
Epinephrine produces all of the following effects
- Bronchodilation
- Hyperglycemia
- Mydriasis
57
Epinephrine produces all of the following effects EXCEPT
Decrease in oxygen consumption
58
Epinephrine is used in the treatment of
- Bronchospasm
- Anaphylactic shock
- Open-angle glaucoma
59
Epinephrine is not used in the treatment of
Cardiac arrhythmias
60
Compared with epinephrine, norepinephrine produces
- Similar effects on beta1 receptors in the heart and similar potency at an alfa receptor
- Significant tissue necrosis if injected subcutaneously
- Increase both diastolic and systolic blood pressure
61
Compared with epinephrine, norepinephrine do not produces
Decrease the mean pressure below normal before returning to the control value
62
Norepinephrine produces
Vasoconstriction
63
Which direct-acting drugs is a relatively pure alfa agonist, an effective mydriatic and decongestant and can be used to raise blood pressure?
Phenylephrine
64
Characteristics of methoxamine include
- It is a direct-acting alfa1-receptor agonist
- It causes reflex bradycardia
- It increases total peripheral resistance
65
Characteristics of methoxamine do not
It increases heart rate, contractility and cardiac output
66
Which agents is an alfa2-selective agonist with ability to promote constriction of the nasal mucosa?
Xylometazoline
67
Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may cause hypotension, presumably because of a clonidine-like effect
Xylometazoline
68
Isoproterenol is
Nonselective beta receptor agonist
69
Isoproterenol produces
- Increase in cardiac output
- Fall in diastolic and mean arterial pressure
- Tachycardia
70
Isoproterenol do not produces
Bronchoconstriction
71
Characteristics of dobutamine is not
It is used to treat bronchospasm
72
Characteristics of dobutamine include
- It is a relatively beta1-selective synthetic catecholamine
- It increases atrioventricular conduction
- It causes minimal changes in heart rate and systolic pressure
73
Characteristics of salmeterol include
- It is a potent selective beta2 agonist
- It causes uterine relaxation
- It is used in the therapy of asthma
74
Characteristics of salmeterol do not include
It stimulates heart rate, contractility and cardiac output
75
Characteristics of ephedrine include
- It acts primarily through the release of stored cathecholamines
- It is a mild CNS stimulant
- It causes tachyphylaxis with repeated administration
76
Characteristics of ephedrine do not include
It decreases arterial pressure
77
Ephedrine causes
Bronchodilation
78
Compared with epinephrine, ephedrine produces
- It has oral activity
- It is resistant to MAO and has much longer duration of action
- Its effects are similar, but it is less potent
79
Compared with epinephrine, ephedrine do not produces
It is a direct-acting sympathomimetic
80
Which sympathomimetics is preferable for the treatment of chronic orthostatic hypotension?
Ephedrine
81
Indicate the sympathomimetic drug, which is used in a hypotensive emergency
Phenylephrine
82
Which sympathomimetics is preferable for the emergency therapy of cardiogenic shock?
Dobutamine
83
Indicate the sympathomimetic agent, which is combined with a local anesthetic to prolong the duration of infiltration nerve block
Epinephrine
84
Which sympathomimetics is related to short-acting topical decongestant agents?
Phenylephrine
85
Indicate the long-acting topical decongestant agents
Xylometazoline
86
Which topical decongestant agents is an alfa2-selective agonist?
Xylometazoline
87
Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may be useful in the emergency management of cardiac arrest
Epinephrine
88
Which sympathomimetics is used in the therapy of bronchial asthma?
Formoterol
89
Indicate the agent of choice in the emergency therapy of anaphylactic shock
Epinephrine
90
Which sympathomimetics is an effective mydriatic?
Phenylephrine
91
The adverse effects of sympathomimetics include
- Cerebral hemorrhage or pulmonary edema
- Myocardial infarction
- Ventricular arrhythmias
92
The adverse effects of sympathomimetics do not include
Drug-induced parkinsonism
