AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Antiseizure drugs

Question 1

The mechanism of action of antiseizure drugs is

Answer 1

• Enhancement of GABAergic (inhibitory) transmission
• Diminution of excitatory (usually glutamatergic) transmission
• Modification of ionic conductance

Question 2

Which antiseizure drugs produces enhancement of GABA-mediated inhibition?

Answer 2

Phenobarbital

Question 3

Indicate an antiseizure drug, which has an impotent effect on the T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons?

Answer 3

Ethosuximide

Question 4

Which antiseizure drugs produces a voltage-dependent inactivation of sodium channels?

Answer 4

• Lamotrigine
• Carbamazepin
• Phenytoin

Question 5

Indicate an antiseizure drug, inhibiting central effects of excitatory amino acids

Answer 5

Lamotrigine

Question 6

The drug for partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures is

Answer 6

• Carbamazepine
• Valproate
• Phenytoin

Question 7

Indicate an anti-absence drug

Answer 7

Valproate

Question 8

The drug against myoclonic seizures is

Answer 8

Clonazepam

Question 9

The most effective drug for stopping generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus in adults is

Answer 9

Diazepam

Question 10

Phenytoin

Answer 10

It blocks sodium channels

Question 11

Phenytoin is used in the treatment of

Answer 11

Grand mal epilepsy

Question 12

Dose-related adverse effect caused by phenytoin is

Answer 12

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 13

Granulocytopenia, gastrointestinal irritation, gingival hyperplasia, and facial hirsutism are possible adverse effects of

Answer 13

Phenytoin

Question 14

The antiseizure drug, which induces hepatic microsomal enzymes, is

Answer 14

Phenytoin

Question 15

The drug of choice for partial seizures is

Answer 15

Carbamazepin

Question 16

The mechanism of action of carbamazepine appears to be similar to that of

Answer 16

Phenytoin

Question 17

Which antiseizure drugs is also effective in treating trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 17

Carbamazepine

Question 18

The most common dose-related adverse effects of carbamazepine are

Answer 18

Diplopia, ataxia, and nausea

Question 19

Indicate the drug of choice for status epilepticus in infants and children

Answer 19

Phenobarbital sodium

Question 20

Barbiturates are used in the emergency treatment of status epilepticus in infants and children because of

Answer 20

They significantly decrease of oxygen utilization by the brain, protecting cerebral edema and ischemia

Question 21

Which antiseizure drugs binds to an allosteric regulatory site on the GABA-BZ receptor, increases the duration of the Cl-channels openings

Answer 21

Phenobarbital

Question 22

Adverse effect caused by phenobarbital is

Answer 22

• Physical and phychological dependence
• Exacerbated petit mal epilepsy
• Sedation

Question 23

Which antiseizure drugs is a prodrug, metabolized to phenobarbital?

Answer 23

Primidone

Question 24

Indicate the antiseizure drug, which is a phenyltriazine derivative

Answer 24

Lamotrigine

Question 25

Lamotrigine can be used in the treatment of

Answer 25

- Partial seizures - Absence - Myoclonic seizures

Question 26

The mechanism of vigabatrin′s action is

Answer 26

Inhibition of GABA aminotransferase

Question 27

Indicate an irreversible inhibitor of GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T)

Answer 27

Vigabatrin

Question 28

Tiagabine

Answer 28

Blocks neuronal and glial reuptake of GABA from synapses

Question 29

The mechanism of both topiramate and felbamate action is

Answer 29

- Reduction of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission - Inhibition of voltage sensitive Na+ channels - Potentiation of GABAergic neuronal transmission

Question 30

The drug of choice in the treatment of petit mal (absence seizures) is

Answer 30

Ethosuximide

Question 31

The dose-related adverse effect of ethosuximide is

Answer 31

- Gastrointestinal reactions, such as anorexia, pain, nausea and vomiting - Exacerbated grand mal epilepsy - Transient lethargy or fatigue

Question 32

Valproate is very effective against

Answer 32

- Absence seizures - Myoclonic seizures - Generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Question 33

The drug of choice in the treatment of myoclonic seizures is

Answer 33

Valproate

Question 34

The reason for preferring ethosuximide to valproate for uncomplicated absence seizures is

Answer 34

Valproate′s idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity

Question 35

The mechanism of valproate action is

Answer 35

- Facilitation glutamic acid decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis and inhibition of GABAaminotransferase, the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of GABA (enhance GABA accumulation) - Inhibition of voltage sensitive Na+ channels - Inhibition of low threshold (T-type) Ca2+ channels

Question 36

Indicate the antiseizure drug, which is a sulfonamide derivative, blocking Na+ channels and having additional ability to inhibit T-type Ca2+ channels

Answer 36

Zonisamide

Question 37

Indicate the antiseizure drug – a benzodiazepine receptor agonist

Answer 37

Lorazepam

Question 38

Which antiseizure drugs acts directly on the GABA receptor-chloride channel complex?

Answer 38

Diazepam

Question 39

Benzodiazepine΄s uselfulness is limited by

Answer 39

Tolerance

Question 40

A long-acting drug against both absence and myoclonic seizures is

Answer 40

Clonazepam

Question 41

Which antiseizure drugs may produce teratogenicity?

Answer 41

- Phenytoin - Valproate - Topiramate

Question 42

The most dangerous effect of antiseizure drugs after large overdoses is

Answer 42

Respiratory depression