AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Narcotic analgesics

Question 1

Narcotics analgesics should

Answer 1

Relieve severe pain

Question 2

Second-order pain is

Answer 2

Dull, burning pain

Question 3

Chemical mediators in the nociceptive pathway are

Answer 3

• Kinins
• Prostaglandins
• Substance P

Question 4

Chemical mediators in the nociceptive pathway are not

Answer 4

Enkephalins

Question 5

Indicate the chemical mediator in the antinociceptive descending pathways

Answer 5

• BETA-endorphin
• Met- and leu-enkephalin
• Dynorphin

Question 6

Which mediators is found mainly in long descending pathways from the midbrain to the dorsal horn?

Answer 6

Enkephalin

Question 7

Select the brain and spinal cord regions, which are involved in the transmission of pain?

Answer 7

• The limbic system, including the amygdaloidal nucleus and the hypothalamus
• The ventral and medial parts of the thalamus
• The substantia gelatinosa

Question 8

Mu (μ) receptors are associated with

Answer 8

Analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, physical dependence

Question 9

Which opioid receptor types is responsible for euphoria and respiratory depression?

Answer 9

Mu (μ) receptors

Question 10

Indicate the opioid receptor type, which is responsible for dysphoria and vasomotor stimulation

Answer 10

Kappa-receptors

Question 11

Kappa and delta agonists

Answer 11

Close a voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on presynaptic nerve terminals

Question 12

Which supraspinal structures is implicated in pain-modulating descending pathways?

Answer 12

The midbrain periaqueductal gray

Question 13

Indicate the neurons, which are located in the locus ceruleus or the lateral tegmental area of the reticular formation

Answer 13

Nonadrenergic

Question 14

Which analgesics is a phenanthrene derivative?

Answer 14

Morphine

Question 15

Tick narcotic analgesic, which is a phenylpiperidine derivative

Answer 15

Fentanyl

Question 16

Which opioid analgesics is a strong mu receptor agonist?

Answer 16

Morphine

Question 17

Indicate the narcotic analgesic, which is a natural agonist

Answer 17

Morphine

Question 18

Select the narcotic analgesic, which is an antagonist or partial mu receptor agonist

Answer 18

Pentazocine

Question 19

Which agents is a full antagonist of opioid receptors?

Answer 19

Naloxone

Question 20

The principal central nervous system effect of the opioid analgesics with affinity for a mu receptor is

Answer 20

• Analgesia
• Respiratory depression
• Euphoria

Question 21

Which opioid analgesics can produce dysphoria, anxiety and hallucinations?

Answer 21

Pentazocine

Question 22

Indicate the opioid analgesic, which has 80 times analgesic potency and respiratory depressant properties of morphine, and is more effective than morphine in maintaining hemodynamic stability?

Answer 22

Fentanyl

Question 23

Which opioid analgesics is used in combination with droperidol in neuroleptanalgesia?

Answer 23

Fentanyl

Question 24

Fentanyl can produce significant respiratory depression by

Answer 24

• Suppression of the cough reflex leading to airway obstruction
• Development of truncal rigidity

Question 25

Most strong mu receptor agonists cause

Answer 25

Cerebral vasodilatation, causing an increase in intracranial pressure

Question 26

Which opioid analgesics can produce an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure and myocardial work?

Answer 26

Pentazocine

Question 27

Morphine causes

Answer 27

- Constipation - Urinary retention - Bronchiolar constriction

Question 28

Morphine do not causes

Answer 28

Dilatation of the biliary duct

Question 29

Therapeutic doses of the opioid analgesics

Answer 29

Decrease body temperature

Question 30

Which opioid analgesics is used in obstetric labor?

Answer 30

Meperidine

Question 31

Indicate the opioid analgesic, which is used for relieving the acute, severe pain of renal colic

Answer 31

Meperidine

Question 32

Which opioid analgesics is used in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema?

Answer 32

Morphine

Question 33

The relief produced by intravenous morphine in dyspnea from pulmonary edema is associated with reduced

Answer 33

- Perception of shortness of breath - Patient anxiety - Cardiac preload (reduced venous tone) and afterload (decreased peripheral resistance)

Question 34

Rhinorrhea, lacrimation, chills, gooseflesh, hyperventilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, muscular aches, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, and hostility are effects of

Answer 34

Abstinence syndrome

Question 35

The diagnostic triad of opioid overdosage is

Answer 35

Coma, depressed respiration and miosis

Question 36

Which opioid agents is used in the treatment of acute opioid overdose?

Answer 36

Naloxone

Question 37

Indicate the pure opioid antagonist, which has a half-life of 10 hours

Answer 37

Naltrexone

Question 38

In contrast to morphine, methadone

Answer 38

- Causes tolerance and physical dependence more slowly - Is more effective orally - Withdrawal is less severe, although more prolonged

Question 39

Which opioid analgesics is a partial mu receptor agonist?

Answer 39

Buprenorphine

Question 40

Indicate a partial mu receptor agonist, which has 20-60 times analgesic potency of morphine, and a longer duration of action

Answer 40

Buprenorphine

Question 41

Which opioid analgesics is a strong kappa receptor agonist and a mu receptor antagonist?

Answer 41

Nalbuphine

Question 42

Which drugs has weak mu agonist effects and inhibitory action on norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the CNS?

Answer 42

Tramadol