METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs

Question 1

Secretory products of pancreatic β-cells are

Answer 1

Insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)

Question 2

Insulin is

Answer 2

A small protein with a molecular weight of 5808 having disulphide linkage

Question 3

Insulin is a polypeptide hence

Answer 3

It is destroyed by gastric juice

Question 4

True or False. Bovine insulin is less antigenic than porcine.

Answer 4

FALSE

Question 5

Insulin causes reduction in blood sugar level by the following mechanisms

Answer 5

• Increased glucose uptake in the peripheral tissue
• Reduction of breakdown of glycogen
• Diminished gluconeogenesis

Question 6

True or False about glucagon. Stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Insulin can not be administered by

Answer 7

Oral route

Question 8

Sources of human insulin production are

Answer 8

Recombinant DNA techniques by inserting the proinsulin gene into E. coli or yeast

Question 9

The primary reason for a physician to prescribe human insulin is that

Answer 9

It can be given to patients who have an allergy to animal insulins

Question 10

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can serve as replacement therapy for juvenile-onset diabetes

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can be administered intravenously

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It is a short-acting insulin

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

True or False about crystalline zinc (regular) insulin. It can be administered orally

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

Diabetic coma is treated by the administration of

Answer 14

Crystalline insulin

Question 15

Sulphonylureas act by

Answer 15

Stimulating the beta islet cells of pancreas to produce insulin

Question 16

True or False. Sulphonylureas are effective in totally insulin deficient patients.

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

Currently used second-generation sulfonylureas include

Answer 17

• Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
• Glipizide (Glydiazinamide)
• Glimepiride (Amaril)

Question 18

Currently used oral hypoglycemic thiazolidinediones include

Answer 18

• Pioglitazone (Actos)

- Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Question 19

Thiazolidinediones act by

Answer 19

Diminishing insulin resistance by increasing glucose uptake and metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues

Question 20

Currently used alpha-glucosidase inhibitors include

Answer 20

• Acarbose (Precose)
• Miglitol (Glyset)
• All of the above

Question 21

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors act by

Answer 21

Competitive inhibiting of intestinal alpha-ghucosidases and modulating the postprandial digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides

Question 22

Potency of action of

Answer 22

Miglitol is six times higher than that of acarbose

Question 23

Which oral hypoglycaemic drugs stimulates both synthesis and release of insulin from beta islet cells

Answer 23

Glibenclamide

Question 24

Currently used oral hypoglycemic biguanides include

Answer 24

• Repaglinide (Prandin)
• Metformin
• Phenformine

Question 25

The action of insulin is potentiated by

Answer 25

Biguanides

Question 26

Duration of action of

Answer 26

Chlorpropamide is more than that of tolbutamide

Question 27

True or False. Side effects of sulphonylureas are less than those of biguanides.

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Biguanides are used in

Answer 28

In case of hyperglycemic shock

Question 29

Which agents is/are important hormonal antagonists of insulin in the body?

Answer 29

- Glucagon - Adrenal steroids - Adrenaline

Question 30

Glucagon is

Answer 30

A peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids.

Question 31

True or False. Glucagon is synthesized in the A cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

True or False. Glucagon is a peptide – identical in all mammals – consisting of a single chain of 29 amino acids

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True or False. Glucagon is extensively degraded in the liver and kidney as well as in plasma, and at its tissue receptor sites.

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

True or False. Half-life of glucagon is between 6 and 8 hours, which is similar to that of insulin.

Answer 34

FALSE

Question 35

Glucagon can be used in

Answer 35

- Severe hypoglycemia - Endocrine diagnosis - Beta-blocker poisoning

Question 36

Main complications of insulin therapy include

Answer 36

- Hypoglycemia - Insulin allergy - Lipodystrophy at an injection site