AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Anxiolytic agents

Question 1

Anxiolytics are used to treat

Answer 1

Neurosis

Question 2

Anxiolytic agents should

Answer 2

Reduce anxiety and exert a calming effect

Question 3

Anxiolytics are also useful for

Answer 3

• Treatment of epilepsy and seizures
• Insomnia
• Muscle relaxation in specific neuromuscular disorders

Question 4

Indicate the agents of choice in the treatment of most anxiety states

Answer 4

Benzodiazepines

Question 5

The choice of benzodiazepines for anxiety is based on

Answer 5

• A relatively high therapeutic index
• Availability of flumazenil for treatment of overdose
• A low risk of physiologic dependence

Question 6

Which anxiolitics is a benzodiazepine derivative

Answer 6

Clordiazepoxide

Question 7

Indicate the benzodiazepine, which has the shortest elimination half-life

Answer 7

Triazolam

Question 8

Which benzodiazepines has the shortest duration of action?

Answer 8

Triazolam

Question 9

Which benzodiazepines is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses?

Answer 9

Lorazepam

Question 10

Anxiolytic dosage reduction is recommended

Answer 10

• In patients taking cimetidine
• In patients with hepatic dysfunction
• In elderly patients

Question 11

Which benzodiazepines is preferred for elderly patients?

Answer 11

Triazolam

Question 12

Which anxiolytics is preferred in patient with limited hepatic function?

Answer 12

Buspirone

Question 13

Indicate the mechanism of hypnotic benzodiazepine action

Answer 13

Increasing the frequency of Cl- channel opening events

Question 14

Which anxiolytics is a partial agonist of brain 5-HT1A receptors?

Answer 14

Buspirone

Question 15

Indicate the competitive antagonist of BZ receptors

Answer 15

Flumazenil

Question 16

Indicate the agent, which interferes with GABA binding

Answer 16

Bicuculline

Question 17

Antianxiety agents have

Answer 17

• Sedative and hypnotic activity
• Muscle relaxing and anticonvulsant effects
• Amnesic properties

Question 18

Which disadvantages does not limit using benzodiazepines as antianxiety agents?

Answer 18

A high risk of drug interactions based on liver enzyme induction

Question 19

Indicate the anxiolitic agent, which relieves anxiety without causing marked sedative effects

Answer 19

Buspirone

Question 20

Which anxiolytics has minimal abuse liability?

Answer 20

Buspirone

Question 21

In contrast to benzodiazepines, buspirone

Answer 21

Causes less psychomotor impairment and does not affect driving skills

Question 22

Which sedative-hypnotic drugs does not potentiate the CNS depressant effects of ethanol, phenothiazines, or tricyclic antidepressants?

Answer 22

Buspirone

Question 23

Limitation of buspirone is

Answer 23

An extremely slow onset of action

Question 24

Which drugs may be used as antianxiety agents?

Answer 24

• BETA-blocking drugs
• Clonidine - a partial agonist of alfa2 receptors
• Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 25

Which benzodiazepines is more likely to cause “hangover” effects such as drowsiness, dysphoria, and mental or motor depression the following day?

Answer 25

Clorazepat

Question 26

Additive CNS depression can be predicted if benzodiazepines are used with

Answer 26

- Ethanol - Morphine - Clorpromazine

Question 27

Which dosage of benzodiazepines for 60-90 days may produce severe withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 27

50-60 mg/d

Question 28

Restlessness, anxiety, orthostatic hypotension, generalized seizures, severe tremor, vivid hallucination, and psychosis are possible symptoms of

Answer 28

Withdrawal

Question 29

Flumazenil is used to

Answer 29

- Reverse the CNS depressant effects of hypnotic benzodiazepines overdose - Hasten recovery following use of hypnotic benzodiazepines in anesthetic and diagnostic procedure - Reverse benzodiazepine-induced respiratory depression

Question 30

Flumazenil given intravenously

Answer 30

Acts rapidly but has a short half-life