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Pharmacology > AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinoreceptor blocking drugs > Flashcards

AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Cholinoreceptor blocking drugs Flashcards

1
Q

The group of nicotinic receptor-blocking drugs consists of

A
  • Ganglion-blockers

- Neuromuscular junction blockers

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2
Q

M3 receptor subtype is located

A

On effector cell membranes of glandular and smooth muscle cells

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3
Q

Which drugs is both a muscarinic and nicotinic blocker?

A

Benztropine

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4
Q

Indicate a muscarinic receptor-blocking drug

A

Scopolamine

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5
Q

Which agents is a ganglion-blocking drug?

A

Hexamethonium

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6
Q

Indicate the skeletal muscle relaxant, which is a depolarizing agent

A

Succinylcholine

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7
Q

Which drugs is a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant?

A

Pancuronium

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8
Q

Indicate the drug, which is rapidly and fully distributed into CNS and has a greater effect than most other antimuscarinic agents?

A

Scopolamine

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9
Q

The effect of the drug on parasympathetic function declines rapidly in

A
  • Heart
  • Smooth muscle organs
  • Glands
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10
Q

The effect of the drug on parasympathetic function declines rapidly in all organs EXCEPT

A

Eye

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11
Q

The mechanism of atropine action is

A

Competitive muscarinic blockade

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12
Q

The tissues most sensitive to atropine are

A

The salivary, bronchial and sweat glands

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13
Q

Atropine is highly selective for

A
  • M1 receptor subtype
  • M2 receptor subtype
  • M3 receptor subtype
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14
Q

Which antimuscarinic drugs is often effective in preventing or reversing vestibular disturbances, especially motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

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15
Q

Atropine causes

A

Mydriasis, a rise in intraocular pressure and cyclo

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16
Q

Patients complain of dry or “sandy” eyes when receiving large doses of

A

Atropine

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17
Q

All of the following parts of the heart are very sensitive to muscarinic receptor blockade

A
  • Atria
  • Sinoatrial node
  • Atrioventricular node
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18
Q

All of the following parts of the heart are very sensitive to muscarinic receptor blockade except:

A

Ventricle

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19
Q

Atropine causes

A

Tachycardia, little effect on blood pressure and bronchodilation

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20
Q

Atropine is frequently used prior to administration of inhalant anesthetics to reduce

A

Secretions

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21
Q

Atropine is now rarely used for the treatment of peptic ulcer because of

A
  • Slow gastric empting and prolongation of the exposure of the ulcer bed to acid
  • Low efficiency and necessity of large doses
  • Adverse effects
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22
Q

Which antimuscarinic drugs is a selective M1 blocker?

A

Pirenzepine

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23
Q

Atropine causes

A

Spasmolitic activity

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24
Q

Which drugs is useful in the treatment of uterine spasms?

A

Atropine

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25
Atropine may cause a rise in body temperature (atropine fever)
In infants and children
26
The pharmacologic actions of scopolamine most closely resemble those of
Atropine
27
Compared with atropine, scopolamine has all of the following properties
- More marked central effect - More potent in producing mydriasis and cycloplegia - Lower effects on the heart, bronchial muscle and intestines
28
Compared with atropine, scopolamine has all of the following properties EXCEPT
Less potent in decreasing bronchial, salivary and sweat gland secretion
29
Which drugs is useful in the treatment of Parkinson′s disease?
Benztropine
30
Indicate the antimuscarinic drug, which is used as a mydriatic
Homatropine
31
Which agents is used as an inhalation drug in asthma?
Ipratropium
32
Which agents is most effective in regenerating cholinesterase associated with skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions?
Pralidoxime
33
Indicate an antimuscarinic drug, which is effective in the treatment of mushroom poising
Atropine
34
Antimuscarinics are used in the treatment of
- Motion sickness - Hyperhidrosis - Asthma
35
Antimuscarinics are used in the treatment of the following disorders EXCEPT
Glaucoma
36
The atropine poisoning includes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT
Bradicardia, orthostatic hypotension
37
The atropine poisoning includes all of the following symptoms
- Mydriasis, cycloplegia - Hyperthermia, dry mouth, hot and flushed skin - Agitation and delirium
38
The treatment of the antimuscarinic effects can be carried out with
Neostigmine
39
Contraindications to the use of antimuscarinic drugs are
- Glaucoma - Myasthenia - Paralytic ileus and atony of the urinary bladder
40
Contraindications to the use of antimuscarinic drugs are all of the following except
Bronchial asthma
41
Hexamethonium blocks the action of acethylcholine and similar agonists at
Autonomic ganglia
42
The applications of the ganglion blockers have disappeared because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Respiratory depression
43
The applications of the ganglion blockers have disappeared because of all of the following reasons
- Orthostatic hypotension - Lack of selectivity - Homeostatic reflexes block
44
Which agents is a short-acting ganglion blocker?
Trimethaphane
45
Indicate the ganglion-blocking drug, which can be taken orally for the treatment of hypertension?
Mecamylamine
46
The systemic effects of hexamethonium include
- Reduction of both peripheral vascular resistance and venous return - Partial mydriasis and loss of accommodation - Constipation and urinary retention
47
The systemic effects of hexamethonium include all of the following EXCEPT
Stimulation of thermoregulatory sweating
48
Ganglion blocking drugs are used for the following emergencies
- Hypertensive crises - Controlled hypotension - Pulmonary edema
49
Ganglion blocking drugs are used for the following emergencies EXCEPT
Cardiovascular collapse
50
Agents that produce neuromuscular blockade act by inhibiting:
Interaction of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors
51
Skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis can occur from interruption of functions at several sites, including
- Nicotinic acethylcholine receptors - The motor end plate - Contractile apparatus
52
Skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis can occur from interruption of functions at several sites, including all of the following EXCEPT
Muscarinic acethylcholine receptors
53
Nondepolarisation neuromuscular blocking agents
Prevent access of the transmitter to its receptor and depolarization
54
Which drugs has “double-acetylcholine” structure?
Succylcholine
55
Indicate the long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent
Tubocurarine
56
Which neuromuscular blocking drugs is an intermediate-duration muscle relaxant?
Vecuronium
57
Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has the fastest onset of effect?
Rapacuronium
58
Indicate the neuromuscular blocker, whose breakdown product readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and may cause seizures
Atracurium
59
Which competitive neuromuscular blocking agent could be used in patients with renal failure?
Atracurium
60
Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has short duration of action
Mivacurium
61
Which depolarizing agent has the extremely brief duration of action?
Succinylcholine
62
Neuromuscular blockade by both succinylcholine and mivacurium may be prolonged in patients wit
- An abnormal variant of plasma cholinesterase | - Hepatic disease
63
Depolarizing agents include
- React with the nicotinic receptor to open the channel and cause depolarisation of the end plate - Cause desensitization, noncompetive block manifested by flaccid paralysis - Cholinesterase inhibitors do not have the ability to reverse the blockade
64
Depolarizing agents include all of the following properties EXCEPT
Interact with nicotinic receptor to compete with acetylcholine without receptor activation
65
Which neuromuscular blockers causes transient muscle fasciculations?
Succinylcholine
66
Indicate muscles, which are more resistant to block and recover more rapidly
Diaphragm
67
Which neuromuscular blocking agent has the potential to cause the greatest release of histamine?
Tubocurarine
68
Which of the following muscular relaxants causes hypotension and bronchospasm?
Tubocurarine
69
Indicate the neuromuscular blocker, which causes tachycardia
Pancuronium
70
Which neuromuscular blocking agents cause cardiac arrhythmias?
Succinylcholine
71
Effects seen only with depolarizing blockade include
- Hypercaliemia - Emesis - Muscle pain
72
Effects seen only with depolarizing blockade include all of the following EXCEPT
A decrease in intraocular pressure
73
Which neuromuscular blocking agent is contraindicated in patients with glaucoma?
Succinylcholine
74
Indicate the following neuromuscular blocker, which would be contraindicated in patients with renal failure
Pipecuronium
75
All of the following drugs increase the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents EXCEPT
Nondepolarizing blockers
76
Drugs that increase the effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
- Aminoglycosides - Antiarrhythmic drugs - Local anesthetics
77
Which diseases can augment the neuromuscular blockade produced by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?
Myasthenia gravis
78
Indicate the agent, which effectively antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade caused by nondepolarizing drugs
Neostigmine

Pharmacology (41 decks)

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