AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - Adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs

Question 1

Which drugs is a nonselective alfa receptor antagonist?

Answer 1

Phentolamine

Question 2

Indicate the alfa1-selective antagonist

Answer 2

Prazosin

Question 3

Which agents is an alfa2–selective antagonist?

Answer 3

Yohimbine

Question 4

Indicate the irreversible alfa receptor antagonist

Answer 4

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 5

Which drugs is an nonselective beta receptor antagonist?

Answer 5

Propranolol

Question 6

Indicate the beta1-selective antagonist

Answer 6

Metoprolol

Question 7

Which of the following agents is a beta2–selective antagonist?

Answer 7

Butoxamine

Question 8

Indicate the beta adrenoreceptor antagonist, which has partial beta–agonist activity

Answer 8

Pindolol

Question 9

Which drugs is a reversible nonselective alfa, beta antagonist?

Answer 9

Labetalol

Question 10

Indicate the indirect-acting adrenoreceptor blocking drug

Answer 10

Reserpine

Question 11

The principal mechanism of action of adrenoreceptor antagonists is

Answer 11

Reversible or irreversible interaction with adrenoreceptors

Question 12

Characteristics of alfa-receptor antagonists include

Answer 12

• They cause a fall in peripheral resistance and blood pressure
• They cause epinephrine reversal (convert a pressor response to a depressor response)
• They may cause postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia

Question 13

Characteristics of alfa-receptor antagonists do not include

Answer 13

Bronchospasm

Question 14

Which drugs is an imidazoline derivative and a potent competitive antagonist at both alfa1 and alfa2 receptors?

Answer 14

Phentolamine

Question 15

Characteristics of phentolamine include

Answer 15

• Reduction in peripheral resistance
• Tachycardia
• Stimulation of muscarinic, H1 and H2 histamine receptors

Question 16

Characteristics of phentolamine do not include

Answer 16

Stimulation of responses to serotonin

Question 17

The principal mechanism of phentolamine-induced tachycardia is

Answer 17

Antagonism of presynaptic alfa2 receptors enhances norepinephrine release, which causes cardiac stimulation via unblocked beta receptors

Question 18

Nonselective alfa-receptor antagonists are most useful in the treatment of

Answer 18

Pheochromocytoma

Question 19

The main reason for using alfa-receptor antagonists in the management of pheochromocytoma is

Answer 19

Blockade of alfa2 receptors on vascular smooth muscle results in epinephrine stimulation of unblocked alfa2 receptors

Question 20

Which drugs is useful in the treatment of pheochromocytoma?

Answer 20

Phentolamine

Question 21

Indicate adrenoreceptor antagonist agents, which are used for the management of pheochromocytoma

Answer 21

Αlfa-receptor antagonists

Question 22

The principal adverse effects of phentolamine include

Answer 22

• Diarrhea
• Arrhythmias
• Myocardial ischemia

Question 23

The principal adverse effects of phentolamine do not include

Answer 23

Bradycardia

Question 24

Indicate the reversible nonselective alfa-receptor antagonist, which is an ergot derivative

Answer 24

Ergotamine

Question 25

Indicate an alfa-receptor antagonist, which binds covalently to alfa receptors, causing irreversible blockade of long duration (14-48 hours or longer)

Answer 25

Phenoxybenzamine

Question 26

Compared with phentolamine, prazosin has all of the following features

Answer 26

- Highly selective for alfa1 receptors - The relative absence of tachycardia - Persistent block of alfa1 receptors

Question 27

Compared with phentolamine, prazosin has not features

Answer 27

Irreversible blockade of alfa receptors

Question 28

True or False. ALFA1a subtype mediates both vascular and prostate smooth muscle contraction

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

True or False. There are at least three subtypes of alfa1 receptors, designated alfa1a, alfa1b and alfa1d

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

True or False. ALFA1a subtype mediates prostate smooth muscle contraction

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

True or False. ALFA1b subtype mediates vascular smooth muscle contraction

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

Indicate an alfa1 adrenoreceptor antagonist, which has great selectivity for alfa1a subtype

Answer 32

Tamsulosin

Question 33

Subtype-selective alfa1 receptor antagonists such as tamsulosin, terazosin, alfusosin are efficacious in

Answer 33

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 34

Indicate an alfa receptor antagonist, which is an efficacious drug in the treatment of mild to moderate systemic hypertension

Answer 34

Prazosin

Question 35

Which alfa receptor antagonists is useful in reversing the intense local vasoconstriction caused by inadvertent infiltration of norepinephrine into subcutaneous tissue during intravenous administration?

Answer 35

Phentolamine

Question 36

Beta-blocking drugs-induced chronically lower blood pressure may be associated with theirs effects on

Answer 36

- The heart - The blood vessels - The renin-angiotensin system

Question 37

Characteristics of beta-blocking agents include

Answer 37

- They occupy beta receptors and competitively reduce receptor occupancy by catecholamines or other beta agonists - They do not cause hypotension in individuals with normal blood pressure - They can cause blockade in the atrioventricular node

Question 38

Characteristics of beta-blocking agents do not include

Answer 38

They induce depression and depleted stores of catecholamines

Question 39

Beta-receptor antagonists have all of the following cardiovascular effects

Answer 39

- The negative inotropic and chronotropic effects - Vasoconstriction - Reduction of the release of renin

Question 40

Beta-receptor antagonists have not the following cardiovascular effects

Answer 40

Acute effects of these drugs include a fall in peripheral resistance

Question 41

Beta-blocking agents have all of the following effects

Answer 41

- Bronchoconstriction - Decrease of aqueous humor prodaction - “membrane-stabilizing” action

Question 42

Beta-blocking agents have all of the following effects except

Answer 42

Increase plasma concentrations of HDL and decrease of VLDL

Question 43

Beta-receptor antagonists cause

Answer 43

Inhibition of glycogenolysis

Question 44

Propranolol has all of the following cardiovascular effects

Answer 44

- It decreases cardiac work and oxygen demand - It inhibits the renin secretion - It increases the atrioventricular nodal refractory period

Question 45

Propranolol has all of the following cardiovascular effects except

Answer 45

It reduces blood flow to the brain

Question 46

Propranolol-induced adverse effects include

Answer 46

- Bronchoconstriction - “supersensitivity” of beta-adrenergic receptors (rapid withdrawal) - Sedation, sleep disturbances, depression and sexual dysfunction

Question 47

Propranolol-induced adverse effects do not include

Answer 47

Hyperglycemia

Question 48

Propranolol is used in the treatment all of the following diseases

Answer 48

- Cardiovascular diseases - Hyperthyroidism - Migraine headache

Question 49

Propranolol is used in the treatment all of the following diseases except

Answer 49

Bronchial asthma

Question 50

Metoprolol and atenolol are members of

Answer 50

The beta1-selective group

Question 51

Which beta receptor antagonists is preferable in patients with asthma, diabetes or peripheral vascular diseases?

Answer 51

Metoprolol

Question 52

Indicate a beta receptor antagonist, which has very long duration of action

Answer 52

Nadolol

Question 53

Indicate a beta1-selective receptor antagonist, which has very long duration of action

Answer 53

Betaxolol

Question 54

Which drugs is a nonselective beta-blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic or local anesthetic activity and used for the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 54

Sotalol

Question 55

Indicate a beta receptor antagonist with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

Answer 55

Oxprenolol

Question 56

Pindolol, oxprenolol have all of the following properties

Answer 56

- They are nonselective beta antagonists - They are less likely to cause bradycardia and abnormalities in plasma lipids - They are effective in hypertension and angina

Question 57

Which drugs has both alfa1-selective and beta-blocking effects?

Answer 57

Labetalol

Question 58

Characteristics of carvedilol include

Answer 58

- It has both alfa1-selective and beta-blocking effects - It attenuates oxygen free radical-initiated lipid peroxidation - It inhibits vascular smooth muscle mitogenesis

Question 59

Characteristics of carvedilol do not include

Answer 59

It is a beta1-selective antagonist

Question 60

Indicate the adrenoreceptor antagonist drug, which is a rauwolfia alkaloid

Answer 60

Reserpine

Question 61

Characteristics of reserpine include

Answer 61

- It decreases cardiac output, peripheral resistance and inhibits pressor reflexes - It may cause a transient sympathomimetic effect - It depletes stores of catecholamines and serotonin in the brain

Question 62

Characteristics of reserpine do not include

Answer 62

It inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into vesicles and MAO

Question 63

Indicate a beta-blocker, which is particularly efficacious in thyroid storm

Answer 63

Propranolol

Question 64

Beta-receptor blocking drugs are used in the treatment all of the following diseases

Answer 64

- Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias - Glaucoma - Hyperthyroidism

Question 65

Beta-receptor blocking drugs are used in the treatment all of the following diseases except

Answer 65

Pheochromocytoma

Question 66

Beta-blocker-induced adverse effects include

Answer 66

- Bronchoconstriction - Depression of myocardial contractility and excitability - “supersensitivity” of beta-receptors associated with rapid withdrawal of drugs

Question 67

Beta-blocker-induced adverse effects do not include

Answer 67

Hyperglycemia