METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS - Antihyperlipidemic Drugs & Drugs Used In the Treatment of Gout

Question 1

Lipoprotein is

Answer 1

A conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood

Question 2

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is

Answer 2

A lipoprotein containing a very large proportion of lipids to protein and carrying most cholesterol from the
liver to the tissues

Question 3

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is

Answer 3

A lipoprotein that contains relatively high amounts of cholesterol and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It is also called beta-lipoprotein

Question 4

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is

Answer 4

A lipoprotein that contains relatively small amounts of cholesterol and triglycerides and is associated with a decreased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It is also called alpha-lipoprotein

Question 5

Chylomicron is

Answer 5

Large lipoprotein particle that is created by the absorptive cells of the small intestine. It transports lipids to adipose tissue where they are broken down by lipoprotein lipase

Question 6

True or False. Hyperlipoproteinemia is a condition marked by an abnormally high level of lipoproteins in the blood.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True or False. Hypertriglyceridemia denotes high blood levels of triglycerides. It has been associated with atherosclerosis, even in the absence of hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels)

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

True or False. Hypercholesterolemia (or hypercholesteremia) is an abnormally high concentration of cholesterol in the blood. This

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

True or False about type I familial hyperlipoproteinemia. Type I familial hyperlipoproteinemia marked by the increased serum concentrations of chylomicrons and triglycerides, which decrease if the diet becomes fat free, decreased concentrations of high- and low-density lipoproteins, which increase if the diet is fat free, and decreased tissue lipoprotein lipase activity

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

True or False. Familial chylomicronemia (type I) is caused by deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity.

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

True or False. The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) demonstrated that treatment with a lipid-lowering drug could reduce the risk of death due to coronary heart disease.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

True or False. Women taking probucol (Lorelco) should wait for 6 months after cessation of therapy before becoming pregnant.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

True or False. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) plus a bile acid-binding resin has not proven effective in combating hyperlipidemia.

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

True or False. The ideal therapy for patients with elevated levels of cholesterol would lower the serum concentration of LDL-cholesterol while raising the concentration of HDL-cholesterol.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

True or False. Agents, which lower levels of LDL-cholesterol, tend to promote regression of atherosclerotic plaques.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

True or False. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is the drug of choice for treatment of broad-beta hyperlipidemia (type III).

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

True or False. One advantage of gemfibrozil (Lopid) is that, in addition to lowering blood levels of most lipids, it raises the level of HDL cholesterol.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

True or False. Probucol (Lorelco) appears to increase clearance of LDL cholesterol by a non-receptor mediated mechanism.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It would not be a good choice for treating patients with familial hypertriglyceridemia (type IV)

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It is not well tolerated by patients

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It works by directly binding cholesterol in the blood

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

True or False about cholestyramine (Questran). It is an effective drug for treatment of types IIa and IIb hyperlipidemia

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They work in part by increasing the rate of LDL clearance from the plasma

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They are the most effective single agents for lowering LDL-cholesterol

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. When used with a bile-acid binding resin, they can lower LDL-cholesterol by 50% or more

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. No special monitoring is required in patients receiving one of them

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). It reduces the rate of synthesis of VLDL

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Sustained-release preparations of this drug are largely free of side effects

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Almost all patients taking the traditional dosage form of this drug experience uncomfortable flushing

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). It should not be used with antihypertensives

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. When used alone, they are the most effective agents for lowering LDL cholesterol

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. They are often effective in patients in whom a diet, with or without a bile acid-binding resin or niacin, has failed

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Lovastatin (Mevacor) plus a resin causes regression of coronary lesions in about one third of treated patients

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Members of this drug class are generally not as well tolerated as the older bile acid-binding resins

Answer 34

FALSE

Question 35

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. These drugs should not be used in pregnant women or children

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. These drugs often cause myopathy if used in combination with cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Failure to discontinue the drug after myopathy has been detected can cause acute renal failure

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

True or False about drugs which inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Several of these drugs tend to lengthen the sleep cycle

Answer 38

FALSE

Question 39

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is the drug of choice for therapy of Type III hyperlipidemia

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) increases HDL cholesterol while lowering LDL cholesterol

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) has been shown to reduce mortality associated with a heart disease

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

True or False about the fibric acid derivatives. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is generally well tolerated

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They decrease total cholesterol and LDL

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They are contraindicated in patients with hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. When used alone, they do not slow the progression of atherosclerotic lesions

Answer 45

FALSE

Question 46

True or False about the bile acid-binding resins. They are the drugs of choice for therapy of type II hyperlipidemia when used either alone or in combination with selected agents

Answer 46

TRUE

Question 47

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Both triglycerides and LDL cholesterol are reduced by this drug

Answer 47

TRUE

Question 48

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). The drug acts by directly decreasing the rate of synthesis of apoproteins

Answer 48

FALSE

Question 49

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Doses higher than 3 gm/day are no longer used because of possible disturbances of hepatic or pancreatic functions

Answer 49

TRUE

Question 50

True or False about nicotinic acid (Niacin). Most patients taking this drug experience uncomfortable cutaneous flushing, itching, and/or rashes

Answer 50

TRUE

Question 51

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Therapy with a lipid-lowering drug should be always accompanied by an appropriate diet

Answer 51

TRUE

Question 52

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. A lipid-lowering diet should be discontinued if it fails to decrease the levels of plasma LDL cholesterol by at least 10%

Answer 52

FALSE

Question 53

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Lipid-lowering drugs should only be administered after at least 3 months of prior dietary therapy

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

True or False about the general principles of therapy with lipid-lowering drugs. Some combinations of lipid-lowering drugs are synergistic

Answer 54

TRUE

Question 55

True or False. The cholesterol synthesis inhibitors increase the rate of clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma.

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

True or False. Lovastatin (Mevacor) plus a bile-acid binding resin causes regression of coronary lesions in about one third of treated patients.

Answer 56

TRUE

Question 57

True or False. The cholesterol synthesis inhibitors are better tolerated than most other lipid-lowering agents.

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

True or False. Selected liver and muscle enzymes should be monitored during the use of any cholesterol synthesis inhibitors because of possible toxic effects.

Answer 58

TRUE

Question 59

True or False. The bile acid-binding resins act by directly binding cholesterol and facilitating its excretion.

Answer 59

FALSE

Question 60

True or False. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) acts by increasing the rate of catabolism of VLDL.

Answer 60

FALSE

Question 61

True or False. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) can cause dizziness and syncope when used with antihypertensives.

Answer 61

FALSE

Question 62

True or False. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) increases concentrations of HDL cholesterol more than clofibrate (Atromid-S).

Answer 62

TRUE

Question 63

True or False. The bile acid-binding resins can bind many drugs and vitamins and reduce their absorption.

Answer 63

TRUE

Question 64

True or False. When used alone, the bile acid-binding resins are contraindicated in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Answer 64

TRUE

Question 65

True or False. Combinations of lipid-lowering drugs are likely to be synergistic if they work at different steps in the same pathway.

Answer 65

TRUE

Question 66

True or False. Reduction in plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol concentrations with gemfibrozil treatment is greater than reduction in plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations with gemfibrozil treatment.

Answer 66

TRUE

Question 67

True or False. Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) lack any functional LDL receptors on their hepatocytes.

Answer 67

TRUE

Question 68

True or False. Effects of drugs in lowering blood cholesterol levels are additive with those of diet.

Answer 68

TRUE

Question 69

True or False. HMG-CoA reductase inhibiting drugs can cause muscle breakdown, especially when used in combination with a cyclosporine.

Answer 69

TRUE

Question 70

True or False. Probucol (Lorelco) reduces the risk of atherosclerosis by stimulating the rate of clearance of LDL by receptor-mediated pathways.

Answer 70

FALSE

Question 71

True or False. Clofibrate (Atromid-S) is generally regarded as superior to gemfibrozil.

Answer 71

FALSE

Question 72

True or False. Niacin’s most common side effects can be reduced by pretreatment with aspirin and/or by taking the drug at the end of meals.

Answer 72

TRUE

Question 73

True or False. The major side effect of cholestyramine is hepatotoxicity.

Answer 73

FALSE

Question 74

True or False. The statins are dependent on the presence of LDL receptors on hepatocytes in order to exert their effect.

Answer 74

FALSE

Question 75

This drug increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in adipose tissue

Answer 75

Gemfibrozil (Loprol)

Question 76

This drug both inhibits an enzyme and indirectly enhances clearance of low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 76

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

Question 77

This drug binds bile acids in the GI tract

Answer 77

Cholestyramine (Questran)

Question 78

This drug may block oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Answer 78

Probucol (Lorelco)

Question 79

This drug weakly stimulates synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Answer 79

Cholestyramine (Questran)

Question 80

Flushing caused by this drug can be reduced by taking it after meals and/or by pretreatment with aspirin

Answer 80

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

Question 81

This drug can cause muscle damage, especially when used with any of several drugs including erythromycin

Answer 81

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

Question 82

This drug decreases blood levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL)

Answer 82

Probucol (Lorelco)

Question 83

This fibric acid derivative increases blood levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL):

Answer 83

Gemfibrozil (Loprol)

Question 84

True or False. Gout is a familial metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of monosodium urate in joints and cartilage.

Answer 84

TRUE

Question 85

True or False. Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric drugs employed to decrease the body pool of urate in patients with tophaceous gout or in those with increasingly frequent gouty attacks.

Answer 85

TRUE

Question 86

Which drugs is an uricosuric agent

Answer 86

Sulfinpyrazone

Question 87

Uricosuric drugs are

Answer 87

- Probenecid - Sulfinpyrazone - Aspirin (at high dosages)

Question 88

Which drugs used in the treatment of gout acts by preventing the migration of granulocytes

Answer 88

Colchicine

Question 89

Which drugs used in the treatment of gout has as its primary effect the reduction of uric acid synthesis

Answer 89

Allopurinol

Question 90

Characteristics of probenecid include

Answer 90

- It is useful in the treatment of gout - At appropriate doses, it promotes the excretion of uric acid - The metabolic products of probenecid are uricosuric