ANTH 205 - Exam 3 Review (Ethnomedicine + the poor)

Question 1

What is information that pertains to theories of disease and forms of therapy specific to a given culture?

Answer 1

Ethnomedicine -

Question 2

Sickness and diseases are what?

Answer 2

Human universals -

Question 3

What is a type of therapy where surgery is preformed by cutting a small hole into the skull in circular shape and removing part of the skull?

Answer 3

Trephination -

Question 4

What did indigenous people believe that trephination was for?

Answer 4

to let something out, such as an evil spirit, demon, or even pressure -

Question 5

How were medicinal plants discovered?

Answer 5

Too much complex knowledge to have happened at random or at chance, the scientific method must have been used -

Question 6

What were often strong alkaloids?

Answer 6

medicinal plants -

Question 7

What is an agent used to induce contraction during labor that is found in Avocado and Papaya plants?

Answer 7

oxytoxic -

Question 8

What is an infectious disease spread by animals that can naturally be transmitted to humans that is high virulence and unrecognizable?

Answer 8

zoonose -

Question 9

Where was a zoonose originated?

Answer 9

China -

Question 10

Who gave patients Amanita muscaria (hallucinogenic mushrooms), then drank the patient’s urine, and then hallucinates and has visions of the cure for that patient?

Answer 10

Koryak shaman -

Question 11

Where are the Koryak people from?

Answer 11

Siberia -

Question 12

What is an hallucinogenic mushroom used by the Koryaks for cure and recreational purposes?

Answer 12

Amanita muscaria -

Question 13

How did the Koryak people discover drinking the urine of those who ate the mushrooms would get you high?

Answer 13

By watching animal behavior (reindeer love the mushrooms and drink each other’s urine) -

Question 14

What is probably the origin of the idea that reindeers can fly?

Answer 14

Probably from reindeers getting high after eating mushrooms and jumping/ hopping around -

Question 15

What is the concept of the Limited Good?

Answer 15

• In traditional societies, it is believed there is a finite amount of “good” to go around.
• In other words the amount of land, money, etc. available is held to be finite, so every time one person profits, another one loses. -

Question 16

What is an off-shoot, or product of state level societies and market economies?

Answer 16

The World’s Have-Not’s (rural and urban poor) -

Question 17

Describe the world’s have-nots:

Answer 17

-high infant mortality rates
-poor health and nutrition
-little or no autonomy
-unequal distribution of income -

Question 18

What percent of the world’s population is a part of the world’s have-nots?

Answer 18

50% -

Question 19

What percent of the world lives on a dollar a day or less? (extreme poverty)

Answer 19

30% -

Question 20

What is the average life expectancy for those living in extreme poverty?

Answer 20

40-42 years old -

Question 21

What are the reasons for underdevelopment?

Answer 21

• geography
• Lack of land/resources
• climate
• Only recently oil, metals, construction metals, etc have become crucial for the development of countries
• history of colonization
  -rural to urban migration
  -cultural lag

Question 22

What is the history of colonization?

Answer 22

many times, the base of which many indigenous countries could have started their wealth was stolen and their resources were often stripped by dominating countries -

Question 23

In 1914, what percent of the world’s population lived in colonies?

Answer 23

70% -

Question 24

In the US, the richest 10% earns how much more than the poorest 40%?

Answer 24

5 times -

Question 25

In Brazil the richest 10% made how much more than the poorest 40%?

Answer 25

28 times -

Question 26

What is an example of rural to urban migration and the cultural gap?

Answer 26

agrarian family ideals
-people from rural areas bring their agrarian ideals when they migrate to urban areas (such as having lots and lots of children) which causes extremely crowded shanty towns and disease -

Question 27

What is desperate Supply & Selective Demand?

Answer 27

Penny Capitalism
- Indigenous economies in which there is land tenure over tiny plots of land, where farmers produce crop surplus and engage in small-scale trading. -

Question 28

What are examples of penny capitalism?

Answer 28

-Guatemalan peasants
-minimum salaries
-selling of wares
-international companies and cheap labor -

Question 29

What are the health Conditions like in the world’s have-nots?

Answer 29

• Poor Public Hygiene
• Scrimshaw’s Vicious Cycle:
• Epidemics: AIDS, tropical diseases
• Lack of Adequate Medical Care
• Infant Feeding Practices -

Question 30

Why are the infant feeding practices with the world’s have-nots so bad?

Answer 30

They tend to not breastfeed and formula is expensive, mixing dirty water with the powder introduces bacteria and parasites -

Question 31

What is scrimshaw’s vicious cycle?

Answer 31

> Malnutrition > Intestinal Parasites > Diarrhea > Weakening of the Immune System > Infectious Diseases > -

Question 32

What is the number one cause for infant mortality in the shanty towns?

Answer 32

Scrimshaw’s vicious cycle -

Question 33

Describe the New Slavery:

Answer 33

• Sexual Tourism -
• Comes in the form of prostitution, agrarian workers, etc.
• Debt Bondage
• Example of Girl in Brazil- 15 year old sold into sex slavery at 10 years old and rented out at 12 and many more times until released at 15, but went into prostitution with pimps after that

Question 34

As of 2010, how many slaves were there in the world today?

Answer 34

27 million -