Flashcards in Antibacterial Drugs: Drug Classes Deck (19)
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1
what kind of killers are beta lactams? what does this mean? what does this imply for beta lactam administration?
-time-dependent
-work best when concentration exceeds 4x MIC for >50% of the time
-since beta lactams have short half-lives you need shorter dosing intervals
2
what kind of killers are quinolones? what does this mean?
area under the curve; killing is dependent on concentration x time
3
what kind of killers are aminoglycosides? what does this mean?
-concentration-dependent
-the most important property for killing is the peak concentration that is achieved (the higher the peak concenrtation the greater the kill)
-these drugs will have persistent effect even when levels fall below MIC
4
time-depedent killers
beta-lactams
5
concentration-dependent killers
aminoglycosides
6
area under the curve killers
quinolones
7
mechanism of quinolones, drug names
-inhibits DNA gyrase thereby inhibiting supercoiling
-norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin
8
mechanism of aminoglycosides, drug names
-transported into bacterial by energy-requiring aerobic process-->binds to 30S/50S interface-->inhibits protein synthesis
-gentamicin, tobramicin, amikacin
9
mechanism of tetracyclines, drug names
-bind to 30S subunit
-doxycycline, minocycline
10
mechanism of macrolides, drug names
-bind to 50S subunit, blocks translocation along ribosomes
-erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
11
what are norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin?
quinolones
12
what are clarithromycin, azithromycin?
macrolides
13
what are gentamicin, tobramicin, amikacin
aminoglycosides
14
what are doxycycline, minocycline?
tetracyclines
15
drug efflux pump is the most common resistance mechanism for what class of drugs?
tetracyclines
16
3 major drug classes that are protein synthesis agents
aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and macrolides
17
what are the side effects of quinolones?
EKG irregularities, tendon rupture, seizures
18
what are the side effects of tetracyclines?
teeth discoloration
19
