Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm > Antifungals > Flashcards

Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the infection that sporothrix schenckii?

A

Cutaneous cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is blastomycosis usually found?

A

Southwest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disease does aspergillus usually cause, and in whom?

A

Pulmonary disease in immunodeficient individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the leading cause of fungal meningitis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

India ink stain = ?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three fungi that are responsible for onychomycosis?

A

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the chemical that fungi use in place of cholesterol in their cell membranes?

A

Ergosterol and ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the in the cell wall of fungi that makes them easier to target?

A

Glucans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two polyenes?

A

Amp B

Nystatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the azoles?

A 
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the one nucleoside analog that is used for fungal infections?

A

5FU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three echinocandins used in fungal infections?

A

caspofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two allylamines used for fungal infections?

A

Terbinafine

Naftifine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the one microtubule inhibitor used to treat fungal infections?

A

Griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which antifungal drugs act systemically?

A

Amp B
Azoles
Flucytosine
Echinocandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which antifungal drug has the broadest spectrum of activity?

A

Amp B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the MOA of Amp B? Is this fungicidal or fungistatic?

A

Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane, and alters membrane permeability

fungicidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the recommended treatment for disseminated fungal infections?

A

Amp B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis?

A

Amp B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two mycomycoses? ssx?

A

Rhizopus and Absidia

Infection s of sinus of DM pts and cause cerebral infx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Amp B resistance brought about?

A

membrane ergosterol concentration is decreased or if sterol target is modified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Amp B is nearly insoluble in water. How, then, is it administered IV?

A

Complexed with a bil salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which tissue can Amp B not penetrate well?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the major side effects of Amp B administration?

A

Infusion site pain, fever, chills

Nephrotoxic (d/t decreased renal perfusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does encasing amp B in a lipid micelle reduce its toxicity?
the lipids have an affinity between that of fungal ergosterol and human cholesterol. This reduces non-specific binding to human cell membranes
26
What are the two types of azoles?
imidiazoles | Triazoles
27
What are the three imidazoles? What are these primarily used for now?
Ketoconazole Miconazole Clotrimazole Topical infxs
28
What are the four triazoles?
Fluconazole Itraconazole Voriconazole Posaconazole
29
What is the MOA of the azoles?
binds to the enzyme responsible for converting lanosterol to ergosterol, making the cell membrane leaky
30
What are the three major mechanisms by which resistance to azole are brought about?
- efflux pumps - Mutations in enzymes - Decreased ergosterol content in the membrane
31
What are the major side effects of ketoconazole?
High degree of p450 inhibition | Systemic toxicity
32
Which azole has the highest therapeutic index?
Fluconazole
33
What are the two major benefits of fluconazole over other azoles?
Lowest p450 interaction | can penetrate CNS
34
What is the agent of choice in treating candidiasis?
fluconazole
35
What is the agent of choice in treating cryptococcosis?
fluconazole
36
What is the agent of choice for treating coccidiomycosis?
Fluconazole
37
True or false: fluconazole is poorly water soluble
False
38
True or false: itraconazole is poorly water soluble
True
39
What is the drug that will reduce the effectiveness of itraconazole? Why?
PPIs or other antacids, since itraconazole needs a low pH for absorption
40
What is the major deterrent for absorption of itraconazole?
high pH
41
Does itraconazole penetrate the CNS?
No
42
What is itraconazole used to treat?
Blasto Coccidio Histo Sporo
43
What are the major drug interactions of itraconazole? (3)
- Reduce Rifampin levels - Raises digoxin levels - May affect coumadin and hypoglycemic drug levels
44
What is the treatment of choice for aspergillosis?
Voriconazole
45
What are the adverse effects of Voriconazole?
transient visual disturbances | Inhibit p450s
46
True or false: Voriconazole is water soluble and is readily absorbed from the GI tract
True
47
Which azole has the broadest spectrum of activity?
Posaconazole
48
What is the major issue with Posaconazole?
Strong inhibitor of p450s
49
What is posaconazole used to treat? (2)
Aspergillus, and mucormycosis
50
What is the MOA of 5FC?
Converted into 5FU in the cell, and disrupts DNA synthesis
51
What is the transporter in fungi that brings 5FC into the cell?
Cytosine permease
52
What is 5FC used to treat (1)? Is this effective enough to be given alone?
Cryptococcal infection | Part of a combination treatment
53
What is the major adverse effect of 5FC?
myelosuppression
54
How is 5FC administered? is it water soluble?
Well absorbed from GI tract (PO) | Water soluble
55
What is the MOA of echinocandins?
inhibit the synthesis of beta-glucans
56
Why are the echinocandins less toxic than the azoles or amp B?
We do not have glucans
57
What happens when echinocandins block beta-glucan synthesis?
Weakened fungal cell wall
58
What are echinocandins usually used to treat?
Candida or aspergillus infections
59
How are echinocandins administered? Do they penetrate the CNS?
IV | Poor penetration of the CNS
60
What are the two antifungals that are administered systemically for a topical infection?
Griseofulvin | Allylamines
61
How is Griseofulvin administered? Why?
Microcrystalline form with a fatty meal, since it is very water insoluble
62
Where does Griseofulvin tend to concentrate in the body? Why is this good?
Keratin precursor cells, which means it provide prolonged resistance to fungal invasion
63
What is the MOA of Griseofulvin ?
Unclear, maybe microtubule function
64
What are the drug interactions with Griseofulvin?
Increases warfarin metabolism | Decreases oral contraceptives
65
What are the side effects with Griseofulvin?
HA Hepatotoxic GI distress
66
What is Griseofulvin usually used to treat?
Dermatophyte infections
67
What is the MOA of allylamines?
Inhibit the squalene epoxidase
68
What is the first line treatment for onychomycosis? What type of antifungal is this?
terbinafine--allylamine
69
What are the route of administration for terbinafine?
oral or topically
70
What is terbinafine used to treat?
onychomycosis
71
If terbinafine is given systemically, where does it concentrate?
Keratinized tissue
72
What is the major adverse effect with terbinafine?
Hepatitis
73
Does terbinafine interact with the p450 system?
No
74
Which of the azoles are used topically?
Clotrimazole | Miconazole
75
Which of the allylamines are used topically?
terbinafine | Naftifine
76
Which of the polyenes are used topically?
Nystatin
77
What is the MOA of nystatin?
binds to ergosterol (just like amp B)
78
Why is nystatin only used topically?
Poor absorption | Very toxic
79
What is nystatin usually used to treat?
Thrush or candida vaginitis
80
What is the alternative to Nystatin for oral thrush?
Topical Clotrimazole or Miconazole
81
Septate hyphae that branch at 45 degrees =?
Aspergillus
82
What is the treatment of choice for: Aspergillosis?
Voriconazole
83
What is the treatment of choice for: Blastomycosis? (2)
Itraconazole | AMP B if bad
84
What is the treatment of choice for: vaginal candidiasis
Clotrimazole or micoazole
85
What is the treatment of choice for: thrush?
Nystatin | Topical azole
86
What is the treatment of choice for: Esophageal candidiasis?
Fluconazole
87
What is the treatment of choice for: invasive candidiasis?
Fluconazole
88
What is the treatment of choice for: cryptococcosis?
Amp B + fluconazole
89
What is the treatment of choice for: Histoplasmosis?
Amp B + itraconazole
90
What is the treatment of choice for: Mucormycosis
Amp B
91
What is the treatment of choice for: Sporotrichosis
Itraconazole
92
What is the treatment of choice for: Dermatomycosis
Terbinafine
93
What is the treatment of choice for: Onychomycosis
Terbinafine or itraconazole

Pharm (73 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions