Autonomics VI

Question 1

What are the receptors that phenoxy-benzamine acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

Answer 1

irreversibly blocks alpha 1 and alpha 2

Lowers BP

Question 2

What are the receptors that prazosin acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

Answer 2

Blocks alpha 1, but NOT alpha 2

Lowers BP, treats BPH

Question 3

What are the receptors that tamsulosin acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

Answer 3

Alpha 1a blocking

Relax smooth muscle in BPH

Question 4

What are the receptors that labetaolol acts on? Agonist or antagonist? What are the effects?

Answer 4

beta > alpha1

Lowers BP with limited increase in HR

HTN

Question 5

What are the toxic effects of phenoxy-benzamine?

Answer 5

orthostatic hypotension

Question 6

What are the toxic effects of prazosin?

Answer 6

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

What are the toxic effects of tamsulosin?

Answer 7

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 8

What are the toxic effects of yohombine?

Answer 8

Anxiety

Question 9

What are the toxic effects of labetalol

Answer 9

Less tachycardia (?)

Question 10

Alpha 1 blockade by phenoxy-benzamine can cause what dysfunction?

Answer 10

Ejaculation

Question 11

Why is labetalol preferentially used in treating HTN?

Answer 11

Blocks beta receptors, as well as alpha 1, limiting the reflex tachycardia

Question 12

The first generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

Answer 12

Beta 1 = beta 2

Question 13

The second generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

Answer 13

Beta 1&raquo_space;» beta 2

Question 14

The third generation of beta adrenoceptor agonists have affinity for what receptors? How do the affinity for these receptors relate to one another (which is stronger)?

Answer 14

beta 1 = beta 2 >alpha 1 >alpha 2

Question 15

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: propanolol

Answer 15

First

Question 16

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: metoprolol

Answer 16

Second

Question 17

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: labetalol

Answer 17

Third

Question 18

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: nadolol

Answer 18

First

Question 19

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: timolol

Answer 19

First

Question 20

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: primdolol

Answer 20

First

Question 21

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: atenolol

Answer 21

Second

Question 22

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: esmolol

Answer 22

second

Question 23

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: betaxolol

Answer 23

Second

Question 24

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: acebutolol

Answer 24

Second

Question 25

First, second, or third generation beta adrenoceptor antagonist: carvedilol

Answer 25

Third

Question 26

What are the secod generation beta adrenoceptor antagonists?

Answer 26

``` Atenolol Metoprolol Esmolol Betaxolol Acebutolol ``` (AMEBA)

Question 27

What are the cardiovascualr effects of beta receptor antagonists?

Answer 27

Decreased inotropic, chronotropic effects Decreased myocardial oxygen consumption

Question 28

What are the effects of beta blockers on the kidneys?

Answer 28

Decreased renin release

Question 29

What are the effects of beta blockers on the lungs?

Answer 29

Increased airway resistance (beta 2 blocked)

Question 30

True or false: beta blockers have no effect on BP in normotensive individuals

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Why are beta blockers contraindicated in COPD pts?

Answer 31

Blocks beta 2 receptors, leading to increased respiratory resistance

Question 32

What is the MOA of beta blocker tolerance?

Answer 32

beta 2 receptors on arterioles blocked, leading to increased vascular resistance

Question 33

True or false: no beta blocker is completely free of beta2 blocker effects

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are the effects of beta blockers in the eye?

Answer 34

Decrease aqeuous humor production

Question 35

If a COPD pt on beta blockers is still hypertensive, should you increase the dose of the current beta blocker, or add a different type of beta blocker

Answer 35

Add another one

Question 36

What are the metabolic effects of beta blockers?

Answer 36

Increase VLDL | Decreases HDL

Question 37

What is the basis for using beta blockers in heart failure?

Answer 37

Small amounts will prevent the down regulation of beta receptors

Question 38

What is the basis for treating hyperthyroidism with beta blockers?

Answer 38

Decrease the HR

Question 39

What does it mean for a beta blocker to have cardioselectivity?

Answer 39

Antagonizes beta 1 receptors, rather than beta 2

Question 40

What are beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity?

Answer 40

Beta blockers who still activate the beta receptor, but to a lesser degree than endogenous catecholamines

Question 41

Which type of beta blockers have a more predictable plasma concentration: lipophilic or hydrophilic

Answer 41

Hydrophilic

Question 42

What is the two major advantages of using a lipophilic beta blocker?

Answer 42

enter the CNS more readily | Not affected by kidney functions

Question 43

Where are hydrophilic beta blockers metabolized?

Answer 43

kidneys

Question 44

Where are lipophilic beta blockers metabolized?

Answer 44

Liver

Question 45

What causes the fatigue associated with beta blockers?

Answer 45

Reduced CO

Question 46

What causes the worsening of PVD with beta blockers?

Answer 46

cannot dilate vessel wit beta 2 activation

Question 47

How do beta blockers mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Answer 47

Loss of counterregulatory hormonal changes

Question 48

What is the most common symptom of DM on the heart?

Answer 48

orthostatic hypotension

Question 49

What is the cause of dysphagia with DM?

Answer 49

Neuropathy