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Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 VERY narrow spectrum PCNs? Are these beta lactamase sensitive or resistant? What bacteria do these treat?

A

Methicillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin

Resistant

Gram Positive

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2
Q

What are the narrow spectrum PCNs?

A

PCN G

PCN V

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3
Q

What are the broad spectrum PCNs?

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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4
Q

What are the extended spectrum PCNs?

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin

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5
Q

What are 1st generation cephalosporins? What bacteria are they used to treat? Do they penetrate into the CNS?

A

Cefazolin
Cefalexin

Gram Positive cocci
No CNS penetration

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6
Q

What two drugs causes the disulfiram effect?

A

Metronidazole

Cephalosporins

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7
Q

What are the 3rd generation cephalosporins used to treat, specifically?

A

Meningitis

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8
Q

What does aztreonam work against?

A

gram negative rods

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9
Q

Carbapenems work on which bacteria?

A

gram positive and negative

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10
Q

What is the adverse effects of carbapenems?

A

GI problems

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11
Q

Which carbapenem needs to be given with another drug? Why?

A

Imipenem needs to be administered with cilastatin to reduce nephrotoxicity

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12
Q

What is the prokinetic abx?

A

Erythromycin

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13
Q

Which abx causes rhabdomyolysis?

A

Daptomycin

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14
Q

What is the MOA of: Indomethacin

A

NSAID

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15
Q

What is the MOA of: ketorolac

A

NSAID

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16
Q

What is the MOA of: Naproxen

A

NSAIDs

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17
Q

What is the MOA of: Oxaprozin

A

NSAID

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18
Q

What is the MOA of: Piroxicam

A

NSAID

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19
Q

What is the MOA of: Sulindac

A

NSAID

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20
Q

What is the MOA of: Colchicine? What is this used for?

A

Inhibits PMN microtubule formation to prevent inflammation of gout

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21
Q

What is the MOA of Rasburicase? What is this used for?

A

Changes uric acid in gout to allantoin, which is water soluble

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22
Q

What is the MOA of Sulfinpyrazone? What is this used for?

A

Blocks tubular absorption of uric acid

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23
Q

What is the MOA of Probenecid? What is this used for?

A

Blocks tubular reabsorption of uric acid

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24
Q

What is the MOA of Febuxostat? What is this used for?

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

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25
What is the MOA of Allopurinol? What is this used for?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
26
What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?
Bind to 30s and inhibits step 1
27
What is the MOA of macrolides?
Binds to 50s and inhibits step 4
28
What is the MOA of tetracyclines?
Binds to the 30s and inhibits step 2
29
What is the MOA of clindamycin?
Binds to 50s and inhibits step 1 and 4
30
What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?
Binds to the 50s and inhibits step 2
31
What is the MOA of linezolid?
Binds to 50s and inhibits step 1
32
What is the only narrow spectrum protein synthesis inhibitor abx? What is it used to treat?
Clindamycin | Gram positive cocci
33
What general type of bacteria is linezolid used to treat?
Gram positives
34
Which antiretrovirals are affected by p450?
- PIs are inducers - Elvitegravir needs to be administered with inhibitor - Efavirenz induces them - Maraviroc is metabolized
35
What is the special tests that are needed for HIV retrovirus?
Abacavir--allergic reaction Maraviroc--need to ensure correct tropism
36
Emtricitabine is a fluorinated version of what?
Lamivudine
37
What are the two HIV drugs that are reserved for treatment experienced pts?
Maraviroc | Enfuvirtide
38
Which of the NSAIDs are COX-2 specific?
Celecoxib Etoricoxib Meloxicam
39
What is the MOA of Leflunomide? What is this used for?
Inhibits ribonucleotide synthesis and causes cell cycle arrest First line agent for RA
40
What is the MOA of azathioprine? What is this used for? Side effects?
Metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine, messes up lymph proliferation in lymphocytes, who cannot salvage Transplants Myelosuppression Hepatotoxic
41
What is the MOA of mycophenolate mofetil?What is this used for? Side effects?
inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes, who cannot salvage Prophylactic transplant Hematologic abnormalities
42
What is the MOA of sirolimus? What is this used for? Side effects (2)?
Inhibits mTOR, preventing cyclin synthesis, and inhibit the cell cycle in lymphocytes Organ transplant Myelosuppression Hypokalemia
43
What is the MOA of antithymocyte globulin? What is this used for? Side effects (2)?
Antibody to CD3 and a whole bunch of other CD proteins Fast immunosuppression Cytokine storm Serum sickness
44
What is the MOA of Muromonab-CD3? What is this used for? Side effects (2)?
Mouse Antibody to CD3 Fast immunosuppression Cytokine storm Serum sickness
45
What type ab of infliximab
Human constant, mouse variable
46
What type of ab is etanercept?
Human TNF-a receptor, to human Fc portion
47
What type of ab is adalimumab?
Recombinant IgG1 monoclonal 1
48
What are the herbs that can cause bleeding?
Garlic Ginseng Glucosamine
49
What are the herbs that can cause szs?
Gingko
50
What are the herbs that can cause CNS stimulation?
Ginseng | St. John's Wort
51
Which herb can induce p450?
St. John's Wort
52
What are the two immune modulating herbs?
Echinacea | Ginseng
53
What is the treatment for an uncomplicated skin infection? Complicated?
PCN or a 1st generation ceph. PCN + lactamase inhibitor
54
What is the treatment for MRSA? (3)
Vanco Linezolid Daptomycin
55
What is the empiric treatment for osteomyelitis? Following surgery? Septic arthritis?
Empiric = vanco + ceph Surgery = PCN + lactamase inhibitor Septic arthritis = Ceftriaxone
56
What is the treatment for acute sinusitis? Pharyngitis?
``` Sinusitis = Augmentin Pharyngitis = PCN or amox ```
57
What is the treatment for Ambulatory, community acquired pneumonia? Hospitalization for community acquired?
Ambulatory = macrolide | Hospitalization +macrolide +beta lactam
58
What is the treatment for hospital acquired pneumonia?
Ceftriaxone
59
What is the treatment for intra-abdominal infection that are not c.diff? What about c.diff?
Non = Ticarcillin + clavulanic acid C.Diff = Metronidazole +Vanco
60
What is the treatment for meningitis greater than 2 months of age? Less than 2 months?
Greater than 2 = Ceftriaxone + vanco Less than = Ampicillin + cephalosporin + gentamycin
61
What is the empiric treatment for sepsis?
Cefepime
62
What is the empiric treatment for endocarditis?
Ceftriaxone
63
What is the empiric treatment for fever and neutropenia?
Cipro + Augmenting

Pharm (73 decks)

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