Herbal Meds

Question 1

What is pharmacognosy?

Answer 1

The study of natural product molecules that are useful for their medicinal, ecological, gustatory, or other functional properties

Question 2

What is the DSHEA?

Answer 2

Manufacturers must evaluate, the purity, strength, and purity of their products

Also, report adverse side effects

Question 3

What does the DSHEA not do?

Answer 3

No need to prove efficacy

Question 4

What are the major problems with supplements?

Answer 4

Studies are lacking or conflicting results

Doses and formulations vary between studies

Question 5

Why is there a dearth of studies for herbs?

Answer 5

cannot patent herbs

Question 6

What are the labels that are used to identify supplements that were produced properly? Does this mean that they are safe and/or efficacious

Answer 6

USP

Does not identify safe or efficacious supplements

Question 7

What is the use of Echinacea?

Answer 7

Decrease duration and intensity of colds

Question 8

What is the MOA of Echinacea? (3)

Answer 8

Immune modulating (increase cytokine production)

Anti-inflammatory (inhibits cyclooxygenase)

Increases numbers of immune cells

Question 9

What are the adverse effects of Echinacea?

Answer 9

Pts with immunodeficiencies should not take it

Allergic reactions

Question 10

What are the drugs that Echinacea interact with? What can it cause?

Answer 10

Etoposide

Thrombocytopenia

Question 11

What is the medical use of Ginkgo Biloba? What are the two active components?

Answer 11

Improve memory/alzheimer’s

Flavone glycosides and terpenoids

Question 12

What is the MOA of Ginkgo Biloba?

Answer 12

Cerebral cortex 5HT1A receptor are reduced

Question 13

What are the adverse effects of Ginkgo Biloba?

Answer 13

n/v/d

HA

Question 14

What are the drug interactions with Gingko?

Answer 14

Antiplatelet actions (ASA)

Question 15

Uncooked Ginkgo seeds can cause what?

Answer 15

Seizures

Question 16

In whom is Gingko contraindicated?

Answer 16

Seizure prone pts

Question 17

What are the uses of Garlic?

Answer 17

Atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia
HTN

Question 18

What are the active ingredients in Garlic? MOA (4)?

Answer 18

Allicin

• Inhibits HMG-CoA
• Inhibit ACE
• Increase H2S production
• Increase NO availability

Question 19

What are the adverse effects of Garlic?

Answer 19

Increased bleeding

Question 20

What is the effect of Garlic on HIV drugs? How?

Answer 20

Reduces bioavailability d/t increase in P-glycoprotein drug transporter

Question 21

What are the uses of Ginseng? (3)

Answer 21

Boosts immune system, physical and mental health

Erectile dysfunction

Question 22

What are the adverse effects of Ginseng?

Answer 22

CNS stimulation and HTN

Question 23

What are the drug interactions with Ginseng?

Answer 23

Immune modulating drugs

Question 24

What is the use of Milk Thistle?

Answer 24

Help reduce cirrhosis, hepatitis, or drug induced hepatotoxicity

Question 25

What is the active ingredient in milk thistle? MOA?

Answer 25

Silymarin Reducing collagen accumulation in liver

Question 26

What is St. John's Wort used for? Active ingredient? MOA?

Answer 26

Antidepressant Hypericin/hyperforin SSRI

Question 27

What are the adverse effects of St. John's Wort? MOA?

Answer 27

Photosensitization and decreased of other drug concentration-- Induces hepatic CYP enzymes

Question 28

What is the use of Saw Palmetto? Active ingredient? MOA?

Answer 28

Treating BPH Sterols and FAs Inhibits 5-alpha reductase (testosterone to DHT)

Question 29

What are the primary uses of Glucosamine and chondroitin?

Answer 29

Osteoarthritis

Question 30

What is glucosamine?

Answer 30

Substrate for the synthesis of cartilage

Question 31

What is chondroitin?

Answer 31

Functions to prevent cartilage breakdown

Question 32

What are the drug-drug interactions with Glucosamine and chondroitin?

Answer 32

Maybe enhance Warfarin

Question 33

What is the use of melatonin? MOA?

Answer 33

Hypnotic | Normally found in the pineal gland that is induced by darkness, and causes sleepiness

Question 34

What is the rx drug that agonizes melatonin receptors?

Answer 34

Ramelteon (MT1 and MT2)

Question 35

What are the melatonin receptors that cause sleep? What type of receptors are these?

Answer 35

MT1 and MT2 G-protein coupled receptors

Question 36

What are the adverse effects of melatonin?

Answer 36

Drowsiness Decrease sperm quality in men and reduces LH in women

Question 37

What is the use of butterbur?

Answer 37

Migraine treatment

Question 38

What is the use of feverfew? Adverse effects?

Answer 38

Migraine treatment Induces uterine contractions Mouth ulcerations

Question 39

What is the physiologic function of CoQ10?

Answer 39

Mitochondrial cofactor that functions in the electron transport chain Also, antioxidant

Question 40

What happens with CoQ10 with age?

Answer 40

Decreases

Question 41

What is the use of supplemental CoQ10?

Answer 41

Reduced statin induced myopathy HTN Migraines

Question 42

What is the effect of statins on CoQ10?

Answer 42

Decrease

Question 43

What are the adverse effects of CoQ10? Why?

Answer 43

May exacerbate warfarin, since it is very similar structurally to vit K

Question 44

What are the uses of fish oil?

Answer 44

treats hypertriglyceridemia | CVD

Question 45

Which herb can cause seizures?

Answer 45

Ginkgo

Question 46

What herbs can cause bleeding?

Answer 46

Gingko Garlic Glucosamine

Question 47

What herbs can decrease fertility?

Answer 47

Melatonin

Question 48

What herbs are immune modulating?

Answer 48

Echinacea | Ginseng

Question 49

Which herb is a major inducer of p450 enzymes?

Answer 49

St. John's wort