Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

What does it mean for a drug to be classified by its action?

Answer 1

Therapeutic use

Question 2

What does it mean for a drug to be classified by its molecular target?

Answer 2

Based on receptors or enzymes

Question 3

Beta blockers block what?

Answer 3

Beta adrenergic receptors

Question 4

What does it mean for a drug to be classified by its source?

Answer 4

Natural source of the drug

Question 5

What does it mean for a drug to be classified by its chemical nature?

Answer 5

Broad chemical class (e.g. steroid)

Question 6

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: absorption

Answer 6

Pharmacokinetics

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: distribution

Answer 7

Pharmacokinetics

Question 8

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: metabolism

Answer 8

Pharmacokinetics

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: targets

Answer 9

pharmacodynamics

Question 10

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: receptor effects

Answer 10

pharmacodynamics

Question 11

Pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics: elimination

Answer 11

Pharmacokinetics

Question 12

What are the three characteristics of a drug receptor?

Answer 12

• Recognize and bind other molecules
• Propagate regulatory signals
• Modulate ongoing cellular functions

Question 13

Intracellular receptors bind what type of ligands (what type of chemicals)?

Answer 13

Lipophilic (e.g. steroids, thyroid hormones etc)

Question 14

Intracellular receptors usually do what to change the cell?

Answer 14

Modulate gene expression

Question 15

Receptors with enzymatic activity work how?

Answer 15

Extracellular bit binds to molecule, causes changes downstream

Question 16

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

Answer 16

Tyrosine kinase (enzymatic)

Question 17

Transforming growth factor beta receptors are what type of receptors?

Answer 17

Serine/theonine kinases (enzymatic)

Question 18

CD45 receptor are what type of receptor?

Answer 18

Tyrosine phosphatases

Question 19

ANP are what type of receptors?

Answer 19

Guanylyl cyclases (enzymatic)

Question 20

What type of receptor are the nicotinic/Ach receptors?

Answer 20

ligand-gated ion channels

Question 21

The ligand-gated channels commonly serve as receptors for what two types of molecules?

Answer 21

Hormones, neurotransmitters

Question 22

7-membrane-spanning receptors’ N terminus is extracellular, or intracellular?

Answer 22

Extracellular

Question 23

7-membrane-spanning receptors are coupled to what protein?

Answer 23

G-coupled

Question 24

What is the MOA of receptors with intrinsic enzymatic activity?

Answer 24

Dimerization of receptor to create an enzyme

Question 25

Interleukin 3 receptor is of what type?

Answer 25

Receptor that associates with intracellular enzymes

Question 26

Erythropoietin receptor receptor is of what type?

Answer 26

Receptor that associates with intracellular enzymes

Question 27

Leptin receptor is of what type?

Answer 27

Receptor that associates with intracellular enzymes

Question 28

What are the G-coupled receptor?

Answer 28

AKA 7-transmembrane receptor

Question 29

B adrenergic receptor is of what type?

Answer 29

7TMR

Question 30

Rhodopsin receptors are of what type?

Answer 30

7TMRs

Question 31

Frizzled receptors are of what type?

Answer 31

7TMRs

Question 32

How are receptors regulated?

Answer 32

Number available to bind is either upregulated or downregulated

Question 33

Why is it important to taper drugs?

Answer 33

Upregulated/down regulated receptors could have very different effect if drug is not there.

Question 34

What is the equation for Kd?

Answer 34

Koff / Kon [R][L]/[RL]

Question 35

What is Bmax?

Answer 35

Maximum binding of drug to receptors

Question 36

What does the Kd point represent?

Answer 36

Where half of receptors are bound, and half are free

Question 37

Why do we log the hyperbolic curve generated by Bmax plots?

Answer 37

Easier to find Kd and to compare two drugs

Question 38

What is the EC50?

Answer 38

Point where a drug is half of its maximal effectiveness

Question 39

What is a drug's Emax?

Answer 39

concentration of maximal effectiveness

Question 40

What is potency?

Answer 40

a measurement of drug dose used to compare the relative affinity and effectiveness of two or more drugs.

Question 41

What is the numerical value used to compare the potency of two different drugs?

Answer 41

EC50

Question 42

What is efficacy?

Answer 42

the maximal effect a drug can induce (Emax)

Question 43

What is the numerical value used to compare the efficacy of two drugs?

Answer 43

Emax

Question 44

True or false: potency and efficacy are independent of one another.

Answer 44

True