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Autonomics V Flashcards

1
Q

What are the receptors that epinepherine acts on?

A

alpha and beta receptors

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2
Q

Small doses of epinepherine act on what two receptors? What does this elicit?

A

Beta 1, increases pulse pressure, HR, SV, and CO

Beta 2-decrease TPR

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3
Q

Moderate doses of epinepherine act on what receptors? What does this elicit?

A

Beta 1 increased pulse pressure
Beta 2 -decrease TPR (slight)
Alpha 1 increased TPR (larger)

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4
Q

Higher doses of epinepherine act on what receptors? What does this elicit?

A

mainly alpha 1 to increase TPR

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5
Q

Why is it that epinepherine works on the beta receptors at low doses, but at high doses the alpha receptors dominate?

A

More specific to beta

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6
Q

What is the effect of administration of epinephrine SQ?

A

local vasoconstriction

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7
Q

What is the effect of epinepherine on the heart? What is the receptor utilized here?

A

Tachycarida–beta 1

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8
Q

What is phentolamine?

A

Alpha receptor blocker

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9
Q

What happens to BP if you give Phentolamine before epinepherine? Why?

A

Phen before epi = decreased BP since beta 2 effect of epi predominates

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10
Q

What are the types of drugs that pts may be taking that contraindicate epinepherine?

A

alpha 1 blockers

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11
Q

What happens if you administer epi to a pt taking beta blockers?

A

Overshoot BP

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12
Q

What is the main site of action for epinephrine as far as TPR goes?

A

Arterioles and precapillary sphincters

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13
Q

What happens with cutaneous blood flow with epi administration?

A

Redistribution of blood flow

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14
Q

What happens with blood flow to muscles with epinepherine administration?

A

Increased

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15
Q

What happes to cerebral blood flow with epinepherine administration?

A

No effect

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16
Q

What happes to renal blood flow with epinepherine administration?

A

Decreased

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17
Q

What happes to coronary blood flow with epinepherine administration?

A

Increased

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18
Q

What does inotropy mean?

A

Contraction process

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19
Q

What does lusitropy mean?

A

Relaxation process

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20
Q

What is the effect of epi on vascular smooth muscle?

A

Contraction

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21
Q

Are beta blockers a concern when using epinephrine locally?

A

No

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22
Q

What are the receptors that NE works on?

A

Beta 1 and alpha

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23
Q

Does NE have much effect on beta 2 receptors?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the effect of NE on TPR?

A

Increases

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25
What is the effect of NE on SBP? DBP? Pulse pressure?
Increases
26
What is the main therapeutic use of NE?
Raise BP
27
What are the receptors that dopamine acts on?
D1, D2, beta1, alpha 1
28
What is the effect of dopamine on the urianry output?
Diuretic/natriuretic effects
29
Why is dopamine ineffective if administered orally?
MAO and COMT will degrade it
30
What is the role of dopamine in the CNS?
regulation of movement (think parkinsons)
31
What is the effect of dopamine in low doses?
diuresis/natureis and vasodilation
32
What is the effect of dopamine activation of D1 on the proximal tubule?
Decrease Na/K ATPase (increased Na excretion)
33
What is the effect of dopamine on the D2 receptors on the peripheral circulation nerves?
Decreases NE release | Decreased alpha adrenergic stimulation
34
What are the effects of dopamine in moderate doses?
Increased inotropic effects Increased SBP and pulse pressure (both through beta 1 effects)
35
What are the effects of dopamine in high doses?
Vasoconstriction via alpha 1 receptors
36
Why should hypovolemia be correcte prior to dopamine administration?
Increased heart rate without increased volume is bad
37
What is dopamine contraindicated in patients on MAOIs?
MAOIs inhibit breakdown of dopamine,
38
What are the therapeutic uses of dopamine?
Severe congestive heart failure, Cardiogenic shock
39
What are the receptors that ephedrine acts on? How does it act on them?
Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 Mixed action
40
How is ephedrine administered?
Orally
41
What is pseudoephedrine? what is it used for?
Ephedrine enantiomer | Decongestant
42
What are the two indirect acting/releasing adrenergic agonists?
Amphetamine | Tyramine
43
Why are amphetamine and tyramine's effect completely abolished if reserpine is administered prior?
Cannot pack catecholamines into vesicles
44
What is the MOA of amphetamine?
Goes into a nerve terminal, and displaces NE in the vesicle. Causes release of the vesicle
45
What are the cardiovascular effects of amphetamine?
Activates alpha and beta receptors, increasing systolic and diastolic BPs
46
What is the effect of amphetamine on bladder sphincter contraction?
Increases
47
What is the MOA of tyramine?
inhibits NE and Epi via shunting catecholamine synthesis down different pathway
48
What receptors does prazosin act on? Antagonist or agonist?
Alpha 1 | Antagonist
49
What receptors does terozosin act on?Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 1 | Antagonist
50
What receptors does doxazosinact on? Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 1 | Antagonist
51
What receptors does phenoxybenamine act on? Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 1 > alpha 2 | Antagonist
52
What receptors does phentolamine act on?Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 1 = alpah 2 | Antagonist
53
What receptors does yohimbine act on?Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 2 > alpha 1 | antagonist
54
What receptors does rauwoscine act on?Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 2 > alpha 1 | antaonist
55
What receptors does torazoline act on?Antagonist or agonist?
alpha 2 > alpha 1 | antagonist
56
What are the effects of alpha receptor antagonists on BP?
Decrease
57
What are the effects of alpha receptor antagonists on HR?
Increase
58
What are the effects of alpha receptor antagonists on the eye?
miosis
59
What are alpha receptor antagonists used for?
Hypertensive emergencies
60
What type of drug would you use to treat pheochromocytoma?
alpha receptor antagonist
61
Why are alpha receptor antagonists used to treat urinary obstructions?
Reduces resistance
62
How long is the duration of action of pheonoxybenzamine (dibenzyline)?
long
63
What is prazosin (minipress) used for?
Relaxation of arterial and venous prostate smooth muscle
64
What is tamsulosin (flomax) used for?
BPH

Pharm (73 decks)

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