AP Bio Chapter 8 Part 2

Question 0

Activation energy

Answer 0

The energy needed to get the reaction started

Question 1

As energy is transformed, less and less is _________ more and more is _____________ (types of energy)

Answer 1

Gibbs free energy, entropy

Question 2

Is every reaction reversible ?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

What does a spontaneous mean in a reaction

Answer 3

If energy is released, energy given off is great enough to overcome activation energy, so reaction continues until nothing is left.

Question 4

What does products-reactants= in EXERgonic reactions

Answer 4

Negative (where delta G comes from)

Question 5

Products-reactants = in endergonic reactions

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

In endergonic reactions (non spontaneous) what is required for the reaction to continue (what must keep being added)

Answer 6

Activation energy

Question 7

What is eventually reached in closed systems

Answer 7

Maximum entropy, everything is evened out

Question 8

Earth is a _________ system. What will happen if earth is without constant energy

Answer 8

Open, earth will go even and into a “random” state

Question 9

Equilibrium =

Answer 9

Death

Question 10

ATP is also known as

Answer 10

A rechargeable battery. ATP when full, ADP when not full, lost a phosphate

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

The short term energy/release molecule of choice in cells

Question 12

How many ATP are made and used per second in the cell

Answer 12

Tens of millions per second

Question 13

What is the nature of ATP bonds

Answer 13

They are relatively unstable

Question 14

What characteristic of the bonds allows much more free energy to be released

Answer 14

When the bonds between them are broken then is required by the cell to initiate the cleavage

Question 15

Lifetime of ATP?

Answer 15

Short lived. Must be a quick energy source, used soon

Question 16

What other name from ATP can be used for evolution evidence

Answer 16

It is a modified nucleotide phosphate

Question 17

What is the charge on phosphates. How is this significant to ATP

Answer 17

Negative. Repel each other, until the last phosphate falls off and releases energy

Question 18

How is ATP “made”

Answer 18

A phosphate is added

Question 19

What’s the direct energy source of the cell

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

What is much of the work done by cellular proteins mediated by

Answer 20

The addition and removal of phosphate groups from ATP by proteins to other proteins (kinases etc)

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

The sum total of all chemical reactions that take place in a organisms

Question 22

What is energy from catabolic processes used for (respiration)

Answer 22

Power the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate groups

Question 23

ATP (and other NTP’s) are used to power

Answer 23

The anabolic reactions that require chemical reactions

Question 24

Coupling energy

Answer 24

Enough energy is released at least above the activation energy amount

Question 25

Reaction coupling

Answer 25

Refers to linking an EXERgonic process with a cellular process

Question 26

If an endergonic process requires less free energy than an EXERgonic process produces how is coupling used

Answer 26

Coupling those 2 reactions allows for maximum efficiency, and an overall negative delta G.

Question 27

All reactions require activation energy that does what to chemical bonds

Answer 27

Makes the breaking of the chemical bonds energetically favorable (THE TRANSITION STATE)

Question 28

The relationship between the energy of the products and the energy of the reactants determines what

Answer 28

If a reaction is EXERgonic or endergonic