AP Bio Systems-Chapter Part 1

Question 0

Organism alive physiology can be

Answer 0

Unicellular or multicellular

Question 1

All physiological processes occur at the

Answer 1

Cellular level of organization

Question 2

Unicellular

Answer 2

All of life’s functions must be preformed by 1 cell

Question 3

Prokaryotic

Answer 3

Limited in a physiological complexity due to the lack of membrane bound organelles

Question 4

Where (in prokaryotes) does all physiology have to occur

Answer 4

In relatively uniform cellular environment

Question 5

Eukaryotic

Answer 5

Unicellular eukaryotes are able to utilize membrane bound organelles to compartmentalize the cell

Question 6

What does compartmentalization allow for

Answer 6

More regulation of cellular conditions and a wider diversity of physiological processes to occur in the cell

Question 7

Fungus

Answer 7

Heterotrophs
While fungus are multicellular, they have limited cell differentiation
Because of this, physiology remains largely a function of the cellular level of organization
Mostly encountered with other organisms

Question 8

What are the diversity of fungal myclellial hyphae

Answer 8

Separate and coenocytic

Question 9

Septate

Answer 9

Cells are separated by cell wall compartment (septa)

Question 10

Coenocytic

Answer 10

Cells are all fused together into a multi nucleate structure

Question 11

What do plants demonstrate

Answer 11

Cell differentiation in tissue level organ level and system level organization

Question 12

What are parenchymal cells responsible for

Answer 12

Photosynthesis

Question 13

What are colenchyma and schlenchyma cells responsible for

Answer 13

Structure and support

Question 14

What are most of a plant’s cells

Answer 14

Parenchymal cells

Question 15

What are schlenchymal cell walls filled with

Answer 15

Lignin a structural polymer

Question 16

What does the lignification process lead to

Answer 16

Their death at functional maturity

Question 17

What are the 3 types of plant tissue

Answer 17

Dermal
Ground
Vascular

Question 18

Dermal

Answer 18

Specialized parenchymal includes stomates and a waxy layer (cuticle) to prevent desiccation

Question 19

Ground

Answer 19

Includes all 3 cell types
Involved in photosynthesis (at leaves)
Storage of food / supports the plant

Question 20

What are plants mostly made of

Answer 20

Ground tissue

Question 21

Vascular

Answer 21

Not found in bryophytes. Contains specialized cells that comprise the xylem and phloem of the plant

Question 22

Xylem

Answer 22

Made of tracheids and vessel elements
Dead at function maturity
Transports water–>cohesion of water molecules in transpiration ONE way

Question 23

Phloem

Answer 23

Transport carbohydrates in multiple directions (up down)

Made of sieve tube elements and compassion cells

Question 24

Source

Answer 24

Where sugar is produced

Question 25

Sink

Answer 25

Where sugar is produced

Question 26

In phloem, what's special about sieve tube elements

Answer 26

Dead at functional maturity

Question 27

What regulates sieve tube enemy function

Answer 27

Companion cells

Question 28

What are the 3 structures of plant organisms

Answer 28

Leaf stem root

Question 29

Leaf

Answer 29

Major function is photosynthesis. Can be modified for other functions

Question 30

Stem

Answer 30

Major functions are supported and transport can be modified for other functions

Question 31

What are the 2 types of functions

Answer 31

Shoot root

Question 32

Shoot

Answer 32

All above ground parts of the plant (photosynthesis, floral reproduction )

Question 33

Root (pt. 2)

Answer 33

All below ground parts of the plant | Nutrient/water absorption etc

Question 34

What do animals demonstrate

Answer 34

A greater degree of cellular differentiation than plants | A greater diversity of tissue, organ and system level organic cells and tissues