Biochemistry Chapter 4-AP Bio Part 3 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of isomers
Structural isomers, dis-trans isomers, and enantiomers
Isomers
Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties
Structural isomers
Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. Also may differ in the location of double bonds.
Cis-trans isomers
Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but differ in their spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bonds.
Enantiomers
Isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon
Asymmetric carbon
A carbon attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms
What are the simplest organic molecules
Hydrocarbons
What can a number of chemical groups replace
One or more hydrogens of the carbon group
Functional groups
Chemical groups directly involved in reactions. Each has certain properties, such as shape and charge, to participate in chemical reactions in a different way.
What are the 7 chemical groups
Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, Sulfhydryl, phosphate and methyl
Why is methyl nonreactive unlike the other groups
It serves as a recognizable tag on biological molecules instead
Adenosine triphosphate - ATP
A more complicated organic phosphate, consists of an organic molecule (adenosine), attached to a string of 3 phosphate groups.
What is ATP when it loses a phosphate group from reacting with water?
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
