How does the LDL get modified?
- oxidation
2. glycosylation
Name 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- TNF-alpha
- IL-1
- IL-6
- IFN
Foam cells and T-lymphocytes within the plaque cause
______ secretion and activation of tissue factors.
matric metalloproteinase (MMP)
What is cholesterol for?
– used for synthesis and repair of cell membranes and organelles
– precursor of steroid hormones
What are triglycerides for?
a fuel source for muscle use and adipose tissue storage
What is LDL mostly comprised of?
cholesterol
What is HDL mostly comprised of?
protein
What regulates LDL steady-state?
the liver
How do statins stabilize plaques?
- Reduction in lipid content of atheromatous plaque core
- Decrease in inflammatory cells (macrophages and T-lymphocytes)
- Decreased MMP and tissue factor activation
- Decreased propensity for plaque rupture
- Decrease in thrombogenesis
- Regression of atherosclerosis
What is the average LDL-C in the US?
130 mg/dl
What are the 4 major statin benefit groups?
- Individuals with known clinical ASCVD
- Individuals with LDL ≥ 190 mg/dl
- Individuals with diabetes (>40 yo and LDL>70)
- Individuals (>40 yo, LDL>70) without ASCVD or diabetes who have an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%
What are the 2 high intensity statins?
- atorvastatin
2. rosuvastatin
What are the 5 low-intensity statins?
- simvastatin
- pravastatin
- lovastatin
- fluvastatin
- pitavastatin
What is severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with?
acute pancreatitis
What does HDL do?
removes” cholesterol from periphery; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
