Atherosclerosis, HDL and LDL Flashcards Preview

CVPR exam 2 > Atherosclerosis, HDL and LDL > Flashcards

Flashcards in Atherosclerosis, HDL and LDL Deck (15)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

How does the LDL get modified?

A
  1. oxidation

2. glycosylation

2
Q

Name 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines.

A
  1. TNF-alpha
  2. IL-1
  3. IL-6
  4. IFN
3
Q

Foam cells and T-lymphocytes within the plaque cause

______ secretion and activation of tissue factors.

A

matric metalloproteinase (MMP)

4
Q

What is cholesterol for?

A

– used for synthesis and repair of cell membranes and organelles

– precursor of steroid hormones

5
Q

What are triglycerides for?

A

a fuel source for muscle use and adipose tissue storage

6
Q

What is LDL mostly comprised of?

A

cholesterol

7
Q

What is HDL mostly comprised of?

A

protein

8
Q

What regulates LDL steady-state?

A

the liver

9
Q

How do statins stabilize plaques?

A
  • Reduction in lipid content of atheromatous plaque core
  • Decrease in inflammatory cells (macrophages and T-lymphocytes)
  • Decreased MMP and tissue factor activation
  • Decreased propensity for plaque rupture
  • Decrease in thrombogenesis
  • Regression of atherosclerosis
10
Q

What is the average LDL-C in the US?

A

130 mg/dl

11
Q

What are the 4 major statin benefit groups?

A
  1. Individuals with known clinical ASCVD
  2. Individuals with LDL ≥ 190 mg/dl
  3. Individuals with diabetes (>40 yo and LDL>70)
  4. Individuals (>40 yo, LDL>70) without ASCVD or diabetes who have an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%
12
Q

What are the 2 high intensity statins?

A
  1. atorvastatin

2. rosuvastatin

13
Q

What are the 5 low-intensity statins?

A
  1. simvastatin
  2. pravastatin
  3. lovastatin
  4. fluvastatin
  5. pitavastatin
14
Q

What is severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with?

A

acute pancreatitis

15
Q

What does HDL do?

A

removes” cholesterol from periphery; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects