Flashcards in Atherosclerosis, HDL and LDL Deck (15)
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1
How does the LDL get modified?
1. oxidation
2. glycosylation
2
Name 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines.
1. TNF-alpha
2. IL-1
3. IL-6
4. IFN
3
Foam cells and T-lymphocytes within the plaque cause
______ secretion and activation of tissue factors.
matric metalloproteinase (MMP)
4
What is cholesterol for?
– used for synthesis and repair of cell membranes and organelles
– precursor of steroid hormones
5
What are triglycerides for?
a fuel source for muscle use and adipose tissue storage
6
What is LDL mostly comprised of?
cholesterol
7
What is HDL mostly comprised of?
protein
8
What regulates LDL steady-state?
the liver
9
How do statins stabilize plaques?
• Reduction in lipid content of atheromatous plaque core
• Decrease in inflammatory cells (macrophages and T-lymphocytes)
• Decreased MMP and tissue factor activation
• Decreased propensity for plaque rupture
• Decrease in thrombogenesis
• Regression of atherosclerosis
10
What is the average LDL-C in the US?
130 mg/dl
11
What are the 4 major statin benefit groups?
1. Individuals with known clinical ASCVD
2. Individuals with LDL ≥ 190 mg/dl
3. Individuals with diabetes (>40 yo and LDL>70)
4. Individuals (>40 yo, LDL>70) without ASCVD or diabetes who have an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%
12
What are the 2 high intensity statins?
1. atorvastatin
2. rosuvastatin
13
What are the 5 low-intensity statins?
1. simvastatin
2. pravastatin
3. lovastatin
4. fluvastatin
5. pitavastatin
14
What is severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with?
acute pancreatitis
15
