Bacteria and Toxins Flashcards by Jay Gray

Clostridum perfrigens

Toxins: 15 different exotoxins (cytotoxins), lyse cells, blood vessels permeable, kill muscle cells

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Treponema pallidum

Toxins: NONE, overactive immune system

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Borrelia burgdorferi

Toxins: NONE, overactive immune system

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Listeria monocytogenes

Toxins: Exotoxin - Cytotoxins

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Clostridium botulinum

Toxins: Neurotoxins A, B, E. A is heat resistant and most potent. Others, heat at 80 C for 10 min.

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Leptospira interrogans

Toxins: NONE, overactive immune system

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Helicobater pylori

Toxins: MANY. Vac A, Cag A, Urease - grows under the stomach mucus, urease neutralizes stomach acid

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Chlamydia pneumonia

Toxins: none, intracellular

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Escherichia coli

(normal flora strain)

Toxins: Endotoxin, in blood and CSF

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Shigella dysenteriae

Toxins: 2 more shigga toxins (same as EHEC) and endotoxin

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Vibrio cholerae

Toxins: Enterotoxin - causes secretions of large amounts of fluids in feces.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum

Toxins: proteolytic enzymes - proteases - cause necrosis wherever they go

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Streptoccocus spcs (babies)

(Group B)

Toxins: none, overactive immune response

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Campylobacter jejuni

Toxins: Enterotoxin

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Toxins: NONE, replicate inside cells, lyse cells.
 Elementary cells (infectious stage) Reticulate cells (intracellular, divide)

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Escherichia coli

( 0157:H7 strain)

Toxins: 2 Shigga Toxins - target Kidneys, Intestines, Brain. Enterotoxins - diarrhea. Enterohemolysins - lyse RBC, release iron.

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Gardnerella vaginalis

Toxins: Cytotoxins - kills cells, called CLUE cells.

Staphylococcus aureus

Toxins: Lots

Food Poisoning - 6 different enterotoxins - heating will not remove the toxin, ubiquitous (everywhere), not easily detectible, immunity only develops to 1 toxin at a time

Toxic Shock - Toxins: TSST - 1, Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin #1, will grow when blood is present (menstruation, surgery)

Bacteroides fragilis

Toxins: proteolytic enzymes - proteases - cause necrosis wherever they go

Clostridium tetani

Toxins: Neurotoxin, spreads along peripheral neurons, attaches to nerve endings, prevents relaxation.

Bordetella pertussis

Toxins: tracheal cytotoxin

Bacillus anthracis

Toxins: created by vegetative cells

Escherichia coli
Enterotoxigenic Strain

Toxins: 2 Enterotoxins - Heat Stable, Heat Labile

Streptococcus pneumonia (PNEUMOCOCCUS)

(Group D)

Toxins: NONE, overactive immune response
meningitis - proteases

Brucella abortusuis

Toxins: None

Streptococcus pyognes (GAS) | (Group A)

Toxins: highly pathogenic, beta hemolytic, 7 exotoxins A - causes TNF, IL-1..., proteases. Also Autoimmune disease.

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

Toxins: NONE. proliferates and host response. macrophage engulfs the bacteria, bacteria multiplies and releases cytokines from lyced macrophage, attracting more macrophages which group together and cause a large tubercle in alveoli, blocking O2, but it doesn't die, just survives. coughing breaks open sacs.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Toxins: Endotoxin - Lipopolysaccarides. Proteases, Lipases

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Toxins: proteases - exotoxin A

Legionella pneumonia

Toxins: releases host cell toxins, killing alveoli

Salmonella enteric: typhi

Toxins: ENDOtoxins (LPS) - toxemia, invades blood, spreads to organs

Salmonella enterica

Toxins: ENDOTOXIN - if in blood, Enterotoxin - diarrhea, other cytotoxins - lyse cells

Corynebacteriua diptheria

Toxin 2 systemic, toxemia, heart (mycarditis w/ arrhythmia) CNS

Shigella sonnei

Toxins: cytotoxin kills and invades neighboring cells, Endotoxin causes inflammation and fever (Occasionally)

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Toxins:(intracellular) - grows intracellularly, by products kill cells.

Neisseria meningitidis

Toxins: lots of LPS, causes cytokines in WBC - TNF and IL - 1, inflammation leads to multi organ failure, fever, edema, BP down, rash

Mycoplasma genitalium

Toxins: none, intracellular

Clostridium difficile

Toxins: 2 cytotoxins - made by vegetative cells. Toxin A - Enterotoxin, Toxin B - Cytotoxin (kills cells)

Rickettsia rickettsii

Toxins: NONE, lives in cells (intracellular) that line capillaries, damages and causes blood leakage (edema and rash)

Haemophilus influenzae

Toxins: type b polysaccharide capsule (allows it to avoid WBC), ENDOTOXIN ONLY.