Med Term 2 Flashcards
(197 cards)
1
Q
Used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body
A
Anatomic reference systems
2
Q
Study of the structures of the body
A
Anatomy
3
Q
Study of the functions of the structures of the body
A
Physiology
4
Q
nature or physical
A
physi
5
Q
the body assuming that the individual is standing in the standard position
A
anatomic position
6
Q
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
A
Body planes
7
Q
an up and down plane that is right angle to the horizon
A
vertical plane
8
Q
the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
A
midsagittal plane, or midline
9
Q
a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
A
sagittal plane
10
Q
a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
A
frontal plane, or coronal plane
11
Q
a flat crosswise plane, such as the horizon
A
horizontal plane
12
Q
a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
A
transverse plane
13
Q
referes to the front, or belly side of the organ or body
A
ventral
14
Q
belly side of body
A
ventr
15
Q
referes to the back of the organ or body
A
dorsal
16
Q
back of the body
A
dors
17
Q
situated in the front, also, on the front or forward part of an organ
A
anterior
18
Q
front or before
A
anter
19
Q
pertaining to
A
-ior, -ic, -al, -ar, -eal, -tics, -ose
20
Q
situated in the back, also, on the back part of an organ
A
posterior
21
Q
back or toward the back
A
poster
22
Q
uppermost, above, or toward the head
A
superior
23
Q
lowermost, below, or toward the feet
A
inferior
24
Q
toward the head
A
cephalic
25
head
cephal
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toward the lower part of the body
caudal
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tail or lower part of the body
caud
28
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
proximal
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situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
distal
30
the direction toward, or nearer, the midline
medial
31
the direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline
lateral
32
relating to, or having, two sides
bilateral
33
spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
body cavities
34
located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system
dorsal cavity
35
within dorsal cavity, within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
cranial cavity
36
pertaining to the skull
cranial
37
within dorsal cavity, within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
spinal cavity
38
cavity located along the front of the body, containing the body organs that maintain homeostasis
ventral cavity
39
the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
homeostasis
40
constant
home/o
41
control
-stasis
42
within the ventral cavity, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.
thoracic cavity, chest cavity, thorax
43
muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
44
within the ventral cavity, contains primarily the major organs of digestion
abdominal cavity, or abdomen
45
within the ventral cavity, the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
pelvic cavity
46
refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit
abdominopelvic cavity
47
means abdomen
abdomin/o
48
means pelvis
pelv
49
means relating to the groin, and the entire lower area of the abdomen
inguinal
50
the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh
groin
51
descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into nine parts
regions of the thorax and abdomen
52
regions located on the left and right sides of the body and are covered by the lower ribs
hypochondriac regions
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cartilage
chondr/i
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region located above the stomach
epigastric region
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above
epi-
56
regions located on the left and right sides near the inward curve of the spine, also, area of back between ribs and pelvis
lumbar regions
57
lower back
lumb
58
region surrounding the umbilicus
umbilical region
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belly button or navel
umbilicus
60
regions on the left and right sides over the hip bones
iliac regions
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hip bone
ili
62
region located below the stomach
hypogastric region
63
divided into four
quadrant
64
multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
65
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
membrane
66
the outer layer or the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
67
cavity wall
parietal
68
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
visceral peritoneum
69
relating to the internal organs
visceral
70
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
mesentery
71
located behind the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
72
behind
retro-
73
peritoneum
periton
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inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
75
study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell
cytology
76
the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment
cell membrane
77
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
cytoplasm
78
formative material of cells
-plasm
79
a structure within the cell, surrounded by the nuclear membrane, that controls the activities of the cell and helps cell division
nucleus
80
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
stem cells
81
undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ
adult stem cells, somatic stem cells
82
not having a specialized function or structure
undifferentiated
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having a specialized function or structure
differentiated
84
blood forming
hemopoietic
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cell rejection between donor and recipient
graft versus host disease
86
undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, but can form any adult cell
embryonic stem cells
87
where embryonic stem cells come from, found in umbilical cord and placenta
cord blood
88
a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, controlling heredity disorders and physical traits
gene
89
the study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children
genetics
90
means producing
gene
91
a specialist in the field of genetics
geneticist
92
gene that can be inherited from either parent to result in a specific genetic condition or characteristic
dominant gene
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gene that must be inherited from BOTH parents to result in a specific condition or trait
recessive gene
94
the complete set of genetic information of an individual
genome
95
the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA molecules containing the body's genes
chromosomes
96
any cell in the body except the gametes
somatic cell
97
pertaining to the body
somatic
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only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes. Only has 23
sex cell, gamete
99
double helix structure containing thousands of genes providing information essential for heredity, physical appearance, disease risks, and other traits
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
100
a shape twisted like a spiral staircase
helix
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two helixes twisted together
double helix
102
a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule
genetic mutation
103
change within the cells of the body
somatic cell mutation
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change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to it's children
gametic cell mutation
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the manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
genetic engineering
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a pathological condition cased by an absent or defective gene (some obvious at birth, some evident over time)
genetic disorder
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a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both respiratory and digestive systems
cystic fibrosis
108
a genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
Down syndrome
109
a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. Characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury
hemophilia
110
a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. 50-50 chance. Nerve degeneration, uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities
Huntington's disease
111
term used to describe a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles
Muscular dystrophy
112
a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
Phenylketonuria
113
a fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain
Tay-Sachs disease
114
a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
tissue
115
the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
histology
116
means tissue
hist
117
a specialist in the study of the organization of tissues at all levels
histologist
118
these form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body, and glands
epithelial tissues
119
the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
epithelium
120
outer layer of the skin
epidermis
121
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
endothelium
122
these support and connect organs and other body tissues
connective tissues
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connective tissue, such as bone and cartilage, that forms the joints and framework of the body
dense connective tissues
124
connective tissue, aka fat, providing protective padding, insulation, and support
adipose tissue
125
means fat
adip
126
connective tissue that surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
loose connective tissue
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connective tissue which are blood and lymph, that transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
liquid connective tissues
128
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
muscle tissue
129
contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
nerve tissue
130
the defective development, or congenital absense, of an organ or tissue
aplasia
131
means without
a-
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means formation
-plasia
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the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
hypoplasia
134
a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. tumor formation
anaplasia
135
means excessive
ana-
136
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
dysplasia
137
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hyperplasia
138
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues
hypertrophy
139
means development
-trophy
140
a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
gland
141
glands, such as sweat glands, that secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
exocrine glands
142
glands which produce hormones and do not have ducts. Secreted directly into the blood stream, transported elsewhere
endocrine glands
143
the inflammation of a gland
adenitis
144
means gland
aden
145
a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
146
means cancerous
carcin
147
means harmful, capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening
malignant
148
a benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue
adenoma
149
means not life threatening
benign
150
the abnormal softening of a gland
adenomalacia
151
any disease condition of a gland
adenosis
152
the abnormal hardening of a gland
adenosclerosis
153
the surgical removal of a gland
andenectomy
154
a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
organ
155
the study of the nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function
pathology
156
disease, suffering, feeling, and emotion
path/o, -pathy
157
specialist in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
pathologist
158
means after death
postmortem
159
postmortem examination
autopsy
160
the study of the causes of diseases
etiology
161
means cause
eti-
162
a disease producing microorganism such as a virus
pathogen
163
the spread of a disease
transmission
164
means that a pathogen is possibly present
contamination
165
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another, either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
communicable disease, contagious disease
166
capable of being transmitted
communicable
167
situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
indirect contact transmission
168
the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
bloodborne transmission
169
occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze.
airborne transmission
170
caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill pathogens that are present
food-borne and waterborne transmission
171
the spread of certain disease due to the bite or a vector
vector-borne transmission
172
the specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
epidemiologist
173
above
epi-
174
population
dem
175
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population.
endemic
176
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epidemic
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an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
pandemic
178
means within
en-
179
means entire
pan-
180
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
functional disorder
181
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
iatrogenic illness
182
an illness without known cause
idiopathic disorder
183
means peculiar to the individual
idi/o
184
means without known cause
idiopathic
185
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
infectious disease
186
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
nosocomial infection
187
hospital acquired
nosocomial
188
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body
organic disorder
189
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
congenital disorder
190
existing at birth
congenital
191
can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or presence of an extra toe
developmental disorder, birth defect
192
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anomaly
193
describes the congenital absence of a normal opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
atresia
194
congenital absence of the opening at the bottom end of the anus
anal atresia
195
the mother's health, behavior, and the prenatal medical care she does, or does not, receive before delivery
prenatal influences
196
birth defects often develop if a pregnant woman contracts this viral infection early in her pregnancy
rubella
197
caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
