Med Term 4 Flashcards
(177 cards)
1
Q
the long, slender cells that make up muscles
A
muscle fibers
2
Q
the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles
A
fascia (plu. fasciae or fascias)
3
Q
means pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
A
myofascial
4
Q
means fascia
A
fasci
5
Q
a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
A
tendon
6
Q
muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
A
skeletal muscles, aka voluntary, striated
7
Q
muscles located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands
A
smooth muscle, aka involuntary, unstriated, visceral
8
Q
these form the muscular walls of the heart
A
myocardial muscles, aka myocardium or cardiac muscles
9
Q
means heart
A
cardi
10
Q
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
A
muscle innervation
11
Q
means pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle
A
neuromuscular
12
Q
means muscles
A
muscul
13
Q
means nerve
A
neur/o
14
Q
the tightening of a muscle
A
contraction
15
Q
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form
A
relaxation
16
Q
the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
A
abduction
17
Q
to lead
A
duct
18
Q
means action
A
-ion
19
Q
the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
A
adduction
20
Q
means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
A
flexion
21
Q
means to bend
A
flex
22
Q
means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb
A
extension
23
Q
means to stretch out
A
tens
24
Q
the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
A
hyperextension
25
the act of raising or lifting a body part, such as raising the ribs when breathing in
elevation
26
a muscle that raises a body part
levator
27
a muscle that straightens a limb or joint
extensor
28
a muscle that bends a limb or joint
flexor
29
a muscle that moves a part toward the midline
adductor
30
a muscle that moves a part away from the midline
abductor
31
the act of lowering a body part, such as lowering the ribs when breathing out
depression
32
a muscle that lowers a body part
depressor
33
a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
rotation
34
the circular movement of a limb at the far end
circumduction
35
muscle that turns a body part on it's axis
rotator muscle
36
group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint
rotator cuff
37
the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand, or sole of the foot, is turned forward or upward
supination
38
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backwards
pronation
39
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dorsiflexion
40
the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
plantar flexion
41
pertaining to the sole of the foot
plantar
42
the less moveable attachment that is the place where the muscle begins
origin
43
the more moveable attachment that is the place where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
insertion
44
means slanted or at an angle
oblique
45
means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
rectus
46
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sphincter
47
means in a crosswise direction
transverse
48
muscle formed from two divisions, located on the anterior upper arm and flexes the elbow
biceps brachii, aka biceps
49
formed from three divisions and is the muscle of the posterior upper arm that extends the elbow
triceps brachii, aka triceps
50
means two
bi-
51
means three
tri-
52
means head
-ceps
53
the largest muscle of the buttock
gluteus maximus
54
muscle that forms the muscular cap of the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle
deltoid muscle
55
muscle group that consists of three separate muscles, located at the back of the upper leg: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus
hamstring group
56
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
exercise physiologist
57
a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function
neurologist
58
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function
physiatrist
59
a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis
rheumatologist
60
physician that specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles
sports medicine physician
61
the inflammation of a fascia
fasciitis, aka fascitis
62
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms
fibromyalgia syndrome
63
means fibrous connective tissue
fibr/o
64
means condition causing weakness
debilitating
65
pain in a tendon
tenodynia, aka tenalgia
66
means tendon
ten/o, tendon
67
an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
tendinitis (tendonitis, tenonitis, tenontitis)
68
a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, having symptoms similar to fibromyalgia syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
69
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
adhesion
70
means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
atrophy
71
means tenderness or pain in the muscles
myalgia, aka myodynia
72
the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
myocele
73
means a hernia
-cele
74
the degeneration of muscle tissue
myolysis
75
abnormal softening of muscle tissue
myomalacia
76
the rupture or tearing of a muscle
myorrhexis
77
a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
polymyositis
78
means many
poly-
79
means muscle
myos
80
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
sarcopenia
81
means flesh
sarc/o
82
means deficiency
-penia
83
the state of balanced muscle tension
muscle tone, aka tonus
84
means lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atonic
85
means without
a-
86
means tone
ton
87
a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
dystonia
88
a condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles
hypertonia
89
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
hypotonia
90
a neuromuscular disorder characterized by the slow relaxation of the muscles after a voluntary contraction
myotonia
91
the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movement
ataxia
92
means coordination
tax
93
a mild form of ataxia
dystaxia, aka partial ataxia
94
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
contracture
95
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
intermittent claudication
96
means limping
claudication
97
means coming and going at intervals
intermittent
98
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
spasm
99
a localized muscle spasm named for its cause, such as a heat cramp or writer's cramp
cramp
100
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
spasmodic torticollis, aka wryneck
101
extreme slowness in movement
bradykinesia
102
the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as in a tic or spasm
dyskinesia
103
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hyperkinesia, aka hyperactivity
104
abnormally decreased muscle function or activity
hypokinesia
105
means slow
brady-
106
means movement
kines
107
the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myoclonus
108
means violent action
clon
109
the jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep
nocturnal myoclonus
110
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
singultus, aka hiccups
111
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
myasthenia gravis
112
means weakness or lack of strength
-asthenia
113
latin meaning grave or serious
gravis
114
general term that describes a group of more that 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
muscular dystrophy, aka muscular dystrophies
115
most common muscular dystrophy, affecting primarily boys between 3-5 and can't walk by 12, needing a respirator
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
116
a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities, or recreation such as sports
repetitive stress disorders, aka repetitive motion disorders
117
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles
compartment syndrome
118
minor tissue injuries that have not been given the time to heal
overuse injuries
119
inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint
overuse tendinitis, aka overuse tendinosis
120
a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body, caused by the development of trigger points, and produces local and referred muscle pain
myofascial pain syndrome
121
occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
impingement syndrome
122
an inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff
rotator cuff tendinitis, aka tennis shoulder or pitcher's shoulder
123
develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues
ruptured rotator cuff
124
occurs when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen
carpal tunnel syndrom
125
the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve nerve pressure
carpal tunnel release
126
a harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
ganglion cyst
127
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
epicondylitis
128
means on
epi-
129
means condyle
condyl
130
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis
heel spur
131
an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
plantar fasciitis
132
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament
sprain
133
an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon
strain
134
a painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
shin splint
135
a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee
hamstring injury
136
a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon
Achilles tendinitis
137
an injury causing paralysis in a location determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury
spinal cord injury
138
means the person has some function below the level of the injury, even though it isn't normal
incomplete injury
139
complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of the injury
complete injury
140
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
paralysis (plu. paralyses)
141
a weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
142
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiparesis
143
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hemiplegia
144
means paralysis
-plegia
145
the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
paraplegia
146
paralysis of all four extremities
quadriplegia
147
means four
quadr/i
148
paralysis of heart muscle
cardioplegia, aka cardiac arrest
149
reflexes tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon
deep tendon reflexes (DTR)
150
an involuntary response to a stimulus
reflex
151
a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
range of motion testing (ROM)
152
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
153
means electricity
electr/o
154
a diagnostic procedure for testing and recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to and from the muscle
electroneuromyography, aka nerve conduction studies
155
administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder
antispasmodic, aka anticholingeric
156
administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries
skeletal muscle relaxant
157
a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles
neuromuscular blocker, aka neuromuscular blocking agent
158
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
ergonomics
159
consists of activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in normalizing their ability to perform the activities of daily living
occupational therapy
160
activities including bathing, grooming, brushing teeth, eating, and dressing
activities of daily living (ADL)
161
treatment to prevent disability or to restore functioning through the use of exercise, heat, massage, and other methods to improve circulation, flexibility, and muscle strength
physical therapy
162
a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of certain conditions
myofascial release
163
utilizes high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within the muscle tissue
therapeutic ultrasound
164
most common first aid treatment of muscular injuries
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
165
a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
fasciotomy
166
the surgical repair of fascia
fascioplasty
167
the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
tenodesis
168
means to bind or tie together
-desis
169
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis, aka tendolysis
170
the surgical resection of a portion of a tendon or tendon sheath
tenectomy, aka tenonectomy
171
the surgical repair of a tendon
tenoplasty, aka tendinoplasty
172
the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
tenorrhaphy
173
the surgical division of a tendon for relief of a deformity caused by the abnormal shortening of a muscle, such as strabismus
tenotomy, aka tendotomy
174
the surgical excision of a portion of a muscle
myectomy
175
the surgical repair of a muscle
myoplasty
176
the surgical suturing of a muscle wound
myorrhaphy
177
the surgical incision into a muscle
myotomy
