Med Term 11 Flashcards
(256 cards)
1
Q
the structures outside the eyeball, and include the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus
A
adnexa of the eyes, aka adnexa oculi
2
Q
means appendages or accessory structures of an organ
A
adnexa
3
Q
the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves
A
orbit
4
Q
attached to each eye, arranged in three pair
A
eye muscles
5
Q
the muscles of both eyes working together in coordinated movements
A
binocular vision
6
Q
means two
A
bin-
7
Q
means eye
A
ocul/o
8
Q
help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries due to other causes
A
upper and lower eyelids
9
Q
the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet
A
canthus
10
Q
means corner of the eye
A
canth/o
11
Q
where the eyelids meet nearest the nose
A
inner canthus
12
Q
a vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose
A
epicanthus
13
Q
where the eyelids meet farthest from the nose
A
outer canthus
14
Q
the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape
A
tarsus
15
Q
means edge of the eyelid
A
tars/o
16
Q
prevent foreign matter from reaching the eyes
A
eyebrows and eyelashes
17
Q
small hairs that make up the eyelashes
A
cilia
18
Q
the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball
A
conjunctiva
19
Q
consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears
A
lacrimal apparatus, aka tear apparatus
20
Q
located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye and secrete lacrimal fluid
A
lacrimal glands
21
Q
secretion of this maintains moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball, distributed by blinking
A
lacrimal fluid, aka tears
22
Q
consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye
A
lacrimal canal
23
Q
an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct
A
lacrimal sac, aka tear sac
24
Q
the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose
A
lacrimal duct, aka nasolacrimal duct
25
a 1-inch sphere with only about one-sixth of its surface visible
the eyeball, aka globe
26
means pertaining to the eye or sight
optic
27
means sight
opt/o
28
means pertaining to the eye
ocular
29
means eye
ocul/o
30
means outside the eyeball
extraocular
31
means on the outside
extra-
32
means within the eyeball
intraocular
33
means within
intra-
34
maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue
sclera, aka white of the eye
35
means the white of the eye
scler/o
36
the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye
choroid, aka choroid coat
37
the sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye. receives nerve impulses and transmits them to the brain
retina
38
makes up the front one-third of the eyeball
anterior segment
39
located behind the cornea and in front of the iris
anterior chamber
40
located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place
posterior chamber
41
fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior segment of the eye
aqueous fluid
42
this constantly filters and drains the aqueous fluid
trabecular meshwork and the canal of Schlemm
43
a measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye
intraocular pressure (IOP)
44
lined with the retina and filled with vitreous gel, and makes up the remaining two-thirds of the eyeball
posterior segment
45
fills the posterior segment of the eye
vitreous gel, aka vitreous humor
46
receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye
rods and cones
47
a clearly defined yellow area in the center of the retina, has the sharpest central vision
macula
48
a pit in the middle of the macula, best with color vision
fovea centralis
49
a small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve
optic disk, aka blind spot
50
transmits the nerve impulses from the retina to the brain
optic nerve
51
the pigmented layer of the eye
uveal tract
52
a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina, located within the choroid
ciliary body
53
the colorful muscular layer of the eye that surrounds the pupil, control the amount of light allowed to enter through the pupil
iris
54
the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil, primary structure focusing light rays entering the eye
cornea
55
the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye
pupil
56
the clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina
lens
57
the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances
accommodation
58
the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other, occurs to maintain single binocular vision as an object comes closer
convergence
59
the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
emmetropia
60
means proper measure
emmetr/o
61
means vision condition
-opia
62
the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina
refraction, aka refractive power
63
the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance
visual acuity
64
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the eyes and vision
ophthalmologist
65
means eye
ophthalm/o
66
holds a Doctor of Optometry degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed
optometrist
67
means one who measures
-metrist
68
drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis
blepharoptosis, aka ptosis
69
means eyelid
blephar/o
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means drooping or sagging
-ptosis
71
a localized swelling inside the eyelid resulting from obstruction of a sebaceous gland
chalazion, aka internal style
72
the eversion of the edge of an eyelid
ectropion
73
means out
ec-
74
means turn
trop/o
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the inversion of the edge of an eyelid
entropion
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means in
en-
77
a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland
hordeolum, aka style
78
swelling surrounding the eye or eyes
periorbital edema
79
means eyeball
orbit/o
80
an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy
conjunctivitis, aka pinkeye
81
means conjunctiva
conjunctiv/o
82
an inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
dacryoadenitis
83
means tear
dacry/o
84
means gland
aden/o
85
bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera, creates a red area over the white of the eye
subconjunctival hemorrhage
86
drying of the eye surfaces including the conjunctiva
xerophthalmia, aka dry eye
87
means dry
xer/o
88
an inflammation of the uveal tract affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye
iritis, aka anterior uveitis
89
means iris
ir/o
90
an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea
corneal abrasion
91
a pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury, leaves a cloudy scar that impairs vision
corneal ulcer
92
an inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
93
means cornea, also means hard
kerat/o
94
a benign growth on the cornea that can become large enough to distort vision
pterygium
95
an inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
96
an adhesion that binds the iris to an adjacent structure such as the lens or cornea
synechia
97
a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
anisocoria
98
means unequal
anis/o
99
means pupil
cor/o
100
the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity
cataract
101
an abbreviation meaning pupils are equal, round, responsive to light and accommodation
PERRLA
102
when the retina is pulled away from its attachment to the choroid in the back of the eye
retinal detachment, aka detached retina
103
particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous fluid and cast shadows on the retina
floaters, aka vitreous floaters
104
an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use
nystagmus
105
swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk. caused by increased intracranial pressure
papilledema, aka choked disk
106
occurs when a hole develops in the retina as it is pulled away from its normal position
retinal tear
107
a progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision. detected by the presence of dark pigmented spots in the retina
retinitis pigmentosa
108
occurs as aging causes the vitreous gel to slowly shrink.
vitreous detachment
109
a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve
glaucoma
110
the most common form of glaucoma, pressure builds up and eventually damages the optic nerve
open-angle glaucoma
111
form of glaucoma where the opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork. causes pain, nausea, redness, and blurred vision. blindness in 2 days
closed-angle glaucoma
112
a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision, but not in total blindness
macular degeneration
113
means spot
macul/o
114
the perception of two images of a single object
diplopia
115
means double
dipl/o
116
blindness in one-half of the visual field
hemianopia
117
means half
hemi-
118
the inability to distinguish colors
monochromatism, aka color blindness
119
means one
mon/o
120
means color
chromat/o
121
a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night
nyctalopia, aka night blindness
122
means night
nyctal/o
123
the condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging
presbyopia
124
means old age
presby/o
125
a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together
strabismus
126
strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes
esotropia, aka cross-eyes
127
means inward
eso-
128
strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other
exotropia, aka walleye
129
means outward
exo-
130
a focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina
refractive disorder
131
any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina. includes astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia
ametropia
132
a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea
astigmatism
133
a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina
hyperopia, aka farsightedness
134
a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina
myopia
135
the inability to see
blindness
136
a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye
amblyopia
137
means dim or dull
ambly/o
138
an abnormal area of absent or depressed vision surrounded by an area of normal vision
scotoma, aka blind spot
139
used to measure visual acuity
snellen chart (SC)
140
an examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be prescribed
refraction
141
the unit of measurement of a lens' refractive power
diopter
142
the visual examination of the fundus of the eye with an ophthalmoscope
ophthalmoscopy
143
medicated drops placed into the eyes that produce temporary paralysis
mydriatic drops
144
a diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye including the cornea, iris, and lens
slit-lamp ophthalmoscopy
145
the measurement of intraocular pressure
tonometry
146
the application of fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye. causes a corneal abrasion to appear bright green
fluorescein staining
147
a radiographic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium
fluorescein angiography
148
performed to determine losses in peripheral vision
visual field testing
149
a surgical incision into the orbit
orbitotomy
150
means bony socket
orbit/o
151
the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids
tarsorrhaphy
152
means eyelid
tars/o
153
the surgical repair of the conjunctiva
conjunctivoplasty
154
the surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue from a donor
corneal transplant, aka keratoplasty
155
the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris
iridectomy
156
means iris
irid/o
157
may be fitted to wear over a malformed eye or to replace an eyeball that is either congenitally missing or has been surgically removed
ocular prosthesis
158
a surgical procedure to treat myopia
radial keratotomy
159
the removal of the vitreous fluid and its replacement with a clear solution
vitrectomy
160
means vitreous fluid
vitr/o
161
the general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract-clouded lens
lensectomy
162
means lens
lens/o
163
the use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
phacoemulsification
164
a surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed
intraocular lens
165
an eye in which the natural lens has been replaced with an intraocular lens
pseudophakia
166
means false
pseudo/o
167
means lens
phak/o
168
uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye
laser iridotomy
169
used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly
laser trabeculoplasty
170
acronym for laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
LASIK
171
means carving
-mileusis
172
the use of lasers to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels
photocoagulation
173
used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment
retinopexy
174
means retina
retin/o
175
means pertaining to the sense of hearing
auditory
176
means hearing or sense of hearing
audit/o
177
means relating to sound or hearing
acoustic
178
means hearing or sound
acous/o
179
the external portion of the ear
pinna, aka auricle
180
transmits sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear
external auditory canal
181
secreted by ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal. a protective fluid
cerumen
182
located between the outer ear and the inner ear and transmits sound across this space
middle ear
183
located between the outer and middle ear
tympanic membrane
184
means tympanic membrane
myring/o, and tympan/o
185
surrounds the middle ear and are hollow air spaces located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone
mastoid bone cells
186
three small bones found in the middle ear
auditory ossicles
187
auditory ossicle also known as the hammer
malleus
188
auditory ossicle also known as the anvil
incus
189
auditory ossicle also known as the stirrup
stapes
190
narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat. equalized pressure in the middle ear
eustachian tubes, aka auditory tubes
191
contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance
inner ear, aka labyrinth
192
located under the base of the stapes, and is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear
oval window
193
the snail-shaped, fluid-filled structure that forms the inner ear
cochlea
194
a fluid filled cavity within the cochlea that vibrates when sound waves strike it
cochlear duct
195
receives the vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers
organ of Corti
196
contain the liquid endolymph and sensitive hair-like cells. help maintain equilibrium
semicircular canals
197
transmit information from the semicircular canals to the brain
acoustic nerves
198
the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna
air conduction
199
occurs as the eardrum vibrates and moves the auditory ossicles
bone conduction
200
occurs when sound vibrations reach the inner ear
sensorineural conduction
201
specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments
audiologist
202
means hearing
audi/o
203
an accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal
impacted cerumen
204
pain in the ear
otalgia, aka earache
205
means ear
ot/o
206
means any inflammation of the ear
otitis
207
a fungal infection of the external auditory canal
otomycosis
208
the flow of pus from the ear
otopyorrhea
209
bleeding from the ear
otorrhagia
210
pressure-related ear discomfort that can be caused by pressure changes when flying, driving, scuba diving, or when the eustachian tube is blocked
barotrauma
211
means pressure
bar/o
212
means injury
-trauma
213
inflammation of the eustachian tube
eustachitis, aka salpingitis
214
means eustachian tube
eustach/o
215
an inflammation of any part of the mastoid bone cells
mastoiditis
216
means mastoid process
mastoid/o
217
a contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum
infectious myringitis
218
the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss
otosclerosis
219
distention of the eustachian tube
patulous eustachian tube
220
an inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
221
usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is most commonly seen in young children
acute otitis media
222
a fluid buildup in the middle ear that can follow acute otitis media or can be caused by obstruction of the eustachian tube
serous otitis media
223
a buildup of pus within the middle ear due to infection
acute purulent otitis media
224
an inflammation of the labyrinth that can result in vertigo and deafness
labyrinthitis
225
means labyrinth
labyrinth/o
226
a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, that is often combined with nausea and vomiting
vertigo
227
a rare chronic disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo, a fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus
Meniere's syndrome
228
a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or boh ears
tinnitus
229
the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear
deafness
230
a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages
presbycusis
231
means old age
presby/o
232
means hearing
-cusis
233
occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid-filled inner ear
conductive hearing loss
234
develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged
sensorineural hearing loss, aka nerve defness
235
a type of nerve deafness caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises such as a gunshot, or to moderately loud noise that continues for long periods of time
noise-induced hearing loss
236
the measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech sounds based on their pitch and loudness
audiological evaluation
237
the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity
audiometry
238
means to measure
-metry
239
a measure of sound frequency that determines how high or low a pitch is
hertz
240
commonly used as the measurement of the loudness of sound
decibel
241
testing one ear
monaural testing
242
means hearing
aur/o
243
testing both ears
binaural testing
244
the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear
tympanometry
245
the surgical repair of the pinna of the ear
otoplasty
246
the surgical removal of mastoid cells
mastoidectomy
247
the surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes
myringotomy
248
tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after childhood ear infections
tympanostomy tubes, aka pediatric ear tubes
249
the surgical correction of a damaged middle ear, either to cure chronic inflammation or to restore function
tympanoplasty
250
the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piton that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear
stapedectomy
251
a surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore hearing
fenestration
252
means window
fenestra/o
253
an external electronic device that uses a microphone to detect sounds
hearing aid
254
the surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth
labyrinthectomy
255
a surgical incision between two of the fluid chambers of the labyrinth
labyrinthotomy
256
an implanted electronic device that can give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and/or hearing and help them to understand speech
cochlear implant
