Med Term 9 Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
means constant
A
home/o
2
Q
means control
A
-stasis
3
Q
the major waste product of protein metabolism
A
urea
4
Q
excreted from the body via the urinary bladder, converted from waste products and excess fluids
A
urine
5
Q
consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra
A
urinary tract, aka urinary system
6
Q
constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water
A
kidneys
7
Q
means pertaining to the kidneys
A
renal
8
Q
means kidney
A
ren/o
9
Q
the outer region of the kidney, contains nephrons
A
renal cortex
10
Q
the inner region of the kidney, contains most tubules
A
medulla
11
Q
a functional unit of the kidney, form urine by the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
A
nephron
12
Q
a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman’s capsule, contained in each nephron
A
glomerulus
13
Q
the pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color
A
urochrome
14
Q
means urine
A
ur/o
15
Q
means color
A
-chrome
16
Q
the funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla, where newly formed urine collects before it flows into the ureters
A
renal pelvis
17
Q
two narrow tubes, each about 10-12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
A
ureters
18
Q
a hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body
A
urinary bladder
19
Q
the smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureters and urethra
A
trigone
20
Q
the tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body
A
urethra
21
Q
the external opening of the urethra, aka urinary meatus
A
urethral meatus
22
Q
approx. 1.5 inches long, and the urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina
A
female urethra
23
Q
approx. 8 inches long and the urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis, transports both urine and semen
A
male urethra
24
Q
surrounds the urethra and is part of the male reproductive system, disorders affect the ability to urinate
A
prostate gland
25
the expulsion of urine, requires coordinated contraction of the bladder muscles and the relaxation of the sphincters
urination
26
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
nephrologist
27
means kidney
nephr/o
28
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
urologist
29
the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions
renal failure, aka kidney failure
30
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood
uremia, aka uremic poisoning
31
means condition of the blood
-emia
32
has a sudden onset and is characterized by uremia.
acute renal failure (ARF)
33
the progressive loss of renal function, sometimes leading to uremia, which is caused by a variety of conditions such as kidney disease, DM, or hypertension
chronic renal failure
34
refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys. without dialysis or transplant, condition is fatal
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
35
a condition in which hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia cause acute renal failure and possibly death, can be from E. coli
hemolytic uremic syndrome
36
a condition in which very high levels of protein are lost in the urine and abnormally low levels of protein are present in the blood
nephrotic syndrome
37
any degenerative kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome without inflammation
nephrosis
38
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
anuria
39
excessive fluid in the body tissues
edema
40
the presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine
hyperproteinuria
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the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypoproteinemia
42
means any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
43
the dilation of one or both kidneys, can be caused by backing up of urine
hydronephrosis
44
the distention of the pelvis of the kidney
nephrectasis
45
means enlargement or stretching
-ectasis
46
an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys
nephritis
47
a type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
glomerulonephritis, aka Bright's disease
48
means glomeruli
glomerul/o
49
the prolapse of a kidney
nephroptosis, aka floating kidney
50
suppuration of the kidney
nephropyosis, aka pyonephrosis
51
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. reduced kidney function and leads to kidney failure
polycystic kidney disease
52
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone
renal colic
53
a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children. high cure rate if treated promptly
Wilms tumor
54
an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body. vary in size, named for originating organ, formed by crystalized waste products of urine
stone, aka calculus
55
describes the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
56
means the presence of stones
-lithiasis
57
stone found in the kidney
nephrolith, aka renal calculus or kidney stone
58
means stone
-lith
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a stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
60
means ureter
ureter/o, -ureter
61
a stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
62
means bladder
cyst/o
63
the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
hydroureter
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means water
hydr/o
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the distention of a ureter
ureterectasis
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the discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
67
infection that usually begins in the bladder, but can affect all or part of the urinary system. frequent in women
urinary tract infection (UTI)
68
an inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
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an inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
70
an inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelitis
71
an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and of the kidney, usually caused by a bacterial infection spread up from the bladder
pyelonephritis
72
means pain in the urinary bladder
cystalgia, aka cystodynia
73
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
cystocele, aka fallen bladder
74
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder, does not respond to traditional treatment
interstitial cystitis
75
an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone
trigonitis
76
means trigon
trigon/o
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an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
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means bladder
vesic/o
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means vagina
vagin/o
80
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
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means created by
-genic
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bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
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means urethra
urethr/o
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an abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrorrhea
85
narrowing of the urethra
urethrostenosis
86
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, upper surface of the male, clitoral region of the femal
epispadias
87
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, under surface of the male, into the vagina of the female
hypospadias
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a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on the side of the penis
paraspadias
89
an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50
benign prostatic hypertrophy
90
the condition of having symtoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostatism
91
one of the most common cancers among men, can grow slowly with no symptoms or aggressively and spread throughout the body
prostate cancer
92
an inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
93
means prostate gland
prostat/o
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the increased output of urine
diuresis
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means increasing the output of urine
diur/o
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difficult or painful urination
dysuria
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the involuntary discharge or urine
enuresis
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means into
en-
99
urinary incontinence during sleep
nocturnal enuresis
100
excessive urination during the night
nocturia
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means night
noct/o
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means scanty urination
oliguria
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means scanty
olig/o
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means excessive urination
polyuria
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means many
poly-
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difficulty in starting a urinary stream
urinary hesitancy
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mean the inability to control the excretion of urine and feces
incontinence
108
the inability to control the voiding of urine
urinary incontinence
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the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing
stress incontinence
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occurs when the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder is too active
overactive bladder, aka urge incontinence
111
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
112
means a study of the parts
-analysis
113
the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination
bladder ultrasound
114
the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes, also to assist in removal of urine in those who can't themselves
catheterization
115
a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter
cystography
116
the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
cystoscopy
117
a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters, using contrast medium
intravenous pyelogram
118
more commonly used as a primary tool for evaluation of the urinary system because it can be rapidly performed and provides additional imaging of the abdomen
computed tomography (CT scan)
119
a radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder without contrast medium
KUB
120
a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract
retrograde urography
121
a diagnostic procedure in which a fluorscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
122
performed on men to screen for prostate enlargement, infection, and indications of prostate cancer
digital rectal examination
123
used to screen for prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen
124
medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to rid the body of excess water and salt
diuretics
125
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
dialysis
126
means complete or through
dia-
127
means separation
-lysis
128
the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
hemodialysis
129
where the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood, used in certain types of poisoning
peritoneal dialysis
130
the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
131
the surgical fixation of a floating kidney
nephropexy
132
the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body
nephrostomy
133
the surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
134
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
pyelotomy
135
the grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys
renal transplantation, aka kidney transplant
136
the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
137
means to crush a stone
lithotripsy
138
means to crush
-tripsy
139
the surgical removal of a nephrolith through an incision in the kidney
nephrolithotomy
140
performed by making a small incision in the back and inserting a nephroscope to crush and remove a kidney stone
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
141
the surgical removal of a ureter
ureterectomy
142
the surgical repair of a ureter
ureteroplasty
143
the surgical suturing of a ureter
ureterorrhaphy
144
the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
145
the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
cystopexy
146
the surgical suturing of the bladder
cystorrhaphy
147
a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
lithotomy
148
performed by inserting a tube along the urethra and into the bladder
urethral catheterization
149
catheter that remains inside the body for a prolonged time
indwelling catheter
150
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
suprapubic catheterization
151
a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening
meatotomy
152
means meatus
meat/o
153
the surgical fixation of the urethra, usually to correct stress incontinence
urethropexy
154
the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
urethrostomy
155
a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
urethrotomy
156
describes the removal of a body part or destruction of its function, used to treat some types of prostate cancer
ablation
157
the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
158
means prostate
prostat/o
159
the removal of an overgrowth of tissue from the prostate gland through a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)
160
a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence in women
Kegel exercises
161
a program of urinating on a schedule with increasingly longer time intervals, to reestablish voluntary bladder control
bladder retraining
