Med Term 7 Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells
A
respiratory system
2
Q
consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
A
upper respiratory tract
3
Q
consists of the bronchial tree and lungs
A
lower respiratory tract
4
Q
cavity in which the structures of the lower respiratory tract are located
A
thoracic cavity
5
Q
where air enters in through
A
the nose
6
Q
a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections
A
nasal septum
7
Q
the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris
A
cilia
8
Q
specialized tissues that line the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems
A
mucous membranes
9
Q
secreted by the mucous membranes and protects and lubricates tissues
A
mucus
10
Q
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell, also help with taste, located in mucous membrane in the upper nasal cavity
A
olfactory receptors
11
Q
form a protective circle of lymphatic tissue around the entrance to the respiratory system
A
tonsils
12
Q
air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, and are located in the bones of the skull
A
paranasal sinuses
13
Q
prefix meaning near
A
para-
14
Q
means nose
A
nas/o
15
Q
sinuses located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. infections cause pain
A
frontal sinuses
16
Q
sinuses located in the sphenoid bone, and are close to the optic nerves and an infection can cause damage to vision
A
sphenoid sinuses
17
Q
the largest of the paranasal sinuses and are located in the maxillary bones. can cause pain in posterior maxillary teeth
A
maxillary sinuses
18
Q
sinuses located in the ethmoid bones, and are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone
A
ethmoid sinuses
19
Q
receives the air after it passes through the nose
A
pharynx, aka throat
20
Q
first division of the pharynx, and is posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward to behind the mouth
A
nasopharynx
21
Q
suffix meaning throat
A
-pharynx
22
Q
the second division of the pharynx, and is the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth, shared respiratory and digestive
A
oropharynx
23
Q
means mouth
A
or/o
24
Q
third division of the pharynx, and is also shared by resp/digest, opens to trachea and esophagus
A
laryngopharynx
25
means larynx
laryng/o
26
a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea
larynx, aka voice box
27
a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so food doesn't enter
epiglottis
28
the tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest
trachea, aka windpipe
29
formed where the trachea divides into two branches
bronchi
30
the smallest branches of the bronchi
bronchioles
31
the very small grap-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole
alveoli
32
the organs of respiration, divided into lobes
lungs
33
has three lobes
right lung
34
has two lobes
left lung
35
the cavity located between the lungs, contains heart, connective tissue, veins, trachea...
mediastinum
36
a thin, moist and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage
pleura
37
the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung
parietal pleura
38
the inner layer of the pleura that surrounds each lung
visceral pleura
39
the airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes
pleural cavity
40
the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. makes breathing possible
diaphragm
41
stimulate the diaphragm and cause it to contract
phrenic nerves
42
the exchange of oxygen and CO2 that is essential to life
respiration
43
the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
inhalation
44
the act of breathing out
exhalation
45
the act of bringing air into and out of the lungs and exchanging gases from this air
external respiration
46
the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues
internal respiration
47
a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck
otolaryngologist
48
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues
pulmonologist
49
form meaning lung
pulmon/o
50
a lung disease in which it is hard to breathe. damage to the bronchi partially obstructs them.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
51
when the airways have become inflamed and thickened and there is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells
chronic bronchitis
52
form meaning bronchus, or bronchi
bronch/o
53
the progressive loss of lung function that is characterized by decrease in alveoli, enlargement in remaining alveoli, and wall destruction of remaining alveoli. barrel shaped
emphysema
54
a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing
asthma
55
the swelling and clogging of the airways with mucus. usually after exposure to inhaled allergens
airway inflammation
56
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut
bronchospasm
57
suffix meaning involuntary contraction
-spasm
58
common cold, can be caused by over 200 viruses
upper respiratory infections
59
an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus
allergic rhinitis, aka allergy
60
an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and barking cough
croup
61
an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract, nor largely prevented through immunization. can damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves
diphtheria
62
bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders
epistaxis
63
an acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the colder months
influenza
64
a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, then noisy inspiration
pertussis, aka whooping cough
65
the watery flow of mucus from the nose
rhinorrhea
66
an inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
67
an inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
68
paralysis of the larynx
laryngoplegia
69
suffix meaning paralysis
-plegia
70
the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
laryngospasm
71
the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
aphonia
72
means voice or sound
phon/o
73
any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty
dysphonia
74
an inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
75
bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea
tracheorrhagia
76
means trachea
trache/o
77
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
bronchorrhea
78
an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath. by the flu or lung damage
pleurisy, or pleuritis
79
pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements
pleurodynia
80
mean pleura
pleur/o
81
a noun ending
-isy
82
the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or causing collapse
pneumothorax
83
means lung or air
pneum/o
84
means chest
-thorax
85
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. prevents full lung expansion, feeling of breathlessness
pleural effusion
86
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity by trauma, disease, or surgery
hemothorax
87
coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
hemoptysis
88
suffix that means spitting
-ptysis
89
the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane
pyothorax
90
a non-specific disease, form of the sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
91
the collapse of part or all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing
atelectasis
92
means incomplete
atel
93
means stretching or enlargement
-ectasis
94
state of being unable to expand to receive air due to a pneumothorax or atelectasis
collapsed lung
95
an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues
pulmonary edema
96
bleeding from the lungs
pneumorrhagia
97
an infectious disease that usually attacks the lungs, but can attack other parts of the body, usually in those with suppressed immune systems
tuberculosis
98
a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid
pneumonia
99
a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles and surrounding alveoli
bronchopneumonia
100
form of pneumonia that affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung
lobar pneumonia
101
type of pneumonia that can occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs
aspiration pneumonia
102
the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination, caused by strep pneumoniae
bacterial pneumonia
103
a milder but longer lasting form of pneumonia
mycoplasmal pneumonia, aka walking pneumonia
104
pneumonia that is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus pneumoncystis carinii
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
105
pneumonia caused by several different types of viruses, and accounts for half of all pneumonias
viral pneumonia
106
a group of almost 200 diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures
interstitial lung diseases
107
another name for the inflammation and thickening of the walls of the alveoli
interstitial fibrosis
108
figrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
pneumoconiosis
109
caused by coal dust in the lungs
anthracosis, aka black lung disease
110
caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos
asbestosis
111
caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupation including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting
silicosis
112
means glass
silic/o
113
means cotton dust
byssin/o
114
caused by inhaling cotton dust into the lungs and usually occurs after working in a textile factory
byssinosis
115
means asbestos
asbest/o
116
means coal dust
anthrac/o
117
means dust
coni
118
the formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty breathing
pulmonary fibrosis
119
a generic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
cystic fibrosis
120
the leading cause of cancer death in the US, in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung
lung cancer
121
easy or normal breathing
eupnea
122
means good
eu-
123
means breathing
-pnea
124
the absence of spontaneous respiration
apnea
125
a group of potentially fatal disorders in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause low O2 levels
sleep apnea syndromes
126
an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less that 10 breaths per minute
bradypnea
127
abnormally fast rate of respiration usually more than 20 breaths per min
tachypnea
128
a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
129
difficult or labored breathing
dyspnea, aka shortness of breath
130
breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest, associated with exertion
hyperpnea
131
shallow or slow respiration
hypopnea
132
an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety
hyperventilation
133
means breathing
-ventilation
134
occurs when food or a foreign object blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs
airway obstruction
135
the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissue
anoxia
136
means oxygen
ox
137
the condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it need to function
asphyxia
138
any interruption of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia
asphyxiation
139
a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen
cyanosis
140
the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
141
means carbon dioxide
capn/o
142
a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood
hypoxemia
143
the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells, less severe than anoxia
hypoxia
144
a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
respiratory failure
145
damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent the normal exchange of gases
smoke inhalation
146
the sudden and unexplainable eath of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of 2 week and 1 year
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
147
the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
bronchoscopy
148
a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung tumors, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, TB, and emphysema
chest imaging
149
the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx
laryngoscopy
150
a handheld device often used to test those with asthma to measure how quickly the patient can expel air
peak flow meter
151
measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea
polysomnography
152
means many
poly-
153
means sleep
somn/o
154
a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer
pulmonary function tests
155
a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath
spirometer
156
an external monitor placed on the patient's finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen sat level in the blood
pulse oximeter
157
the phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes
sputum
158
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages
phlegm
159
a screening test for TB in which the skin of the arm in injected with a harmless antigen extracted from TB bacteria
tuberculin skin testing
160
considered a more accurate skin test for diagnosing tuberculosis
Mantoux PPD skin test
161
administered to prevent or relieve coughing
antitussive, aka cough medicine
162
means cough
tuss
163
means performs
-ive
164
a medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs
bronchodilator
165
mixes a single dose of the medication with a puff of air and pushes it into the mouth via a chemical propellant
metered-dose inhaler
166
pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouth piece
nebulizer, aka atomizer
167
the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
endotracheal intubation
168
a procedure performed using and endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)
169
the surgical removal of the larynx
laryngectomy
170
the surgical repair of the larynx
laryngoplasty
171
the surgical repair of the pharynx
pharyngoplasty
172
a surgical incision of the pharynx
pharyngotomy
173
the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum
septoplasty
174
means septum
sept/o
175
the surgical repair of the trachea
tracheoplasty
176
the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions
tracheostomy
177
usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
tracheotomy
178
the surgical removal of a lobe of the lung
lobectomy
179
the surgical removal of part of the pleura
pleurectomy
180
means pleura
pleur/o
181
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
pneumonectomy
182
the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
thoracentesis
183
the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity
thoracostomy
184
a surgical treatment of lung cancer by removing all or part of a lung
thoracotomy
185
the use of a video-assisted thracoscope to view the inside of the chest cavity through very small incisions
video-assisted thoracic surgery
186
a relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety
diaphragmatic breathing, aka abdominal breathing
187
treatment for sleep apnea that includes a mask, tubes, and a fan to create air pressure that pushes the tongue forward to maintain an open airway
CPAP device, aka positive pressure ventilation device
188
an apparatus for administering artificial respiration in cases of respiratory failure
respirator
189
a mechanical device for artificial ventilation of the lungs that is used to replace or supplement the patient's natural breathing function
ventilator
190
administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood
supplemental oxygen
