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bacterial gasteroenteritis Flashcards

Describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Distinguish the various forms of E. coli infections. Differentiate E. coli and Salmonella using culture media. Diagnose Salmonella infections Describe the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of cholera. Identify the mechanism of action of cholera toxin. Compare Campylobacter and E. coli infections. Characterize the microbial cause of ulcers. (67 cards)

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1
Q

predominant aerobe in the gut

A

e coli

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2
Q

noninflammatory diarrhea

A

watery, large volume stools with no blood, pus or severe pain

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3
Q

inflammatory diarrhea

A

lower volume stools with blood,pain, pus and fever

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4
Q

enterotoxins cause

A

noninflammatory diarrhea

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5
Q

cytotoxins cause

A

inflammatory diarrhea

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6
Q

definition of coliform

A

lactose positive

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7
Q

fecal pathogens that are lactose negative

A

salmonella and shigella

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8
Q

gram negative rod, ferments lactose

A

e coli

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9
Q

red colonies on macConkey indicate

A

lactose fermentor

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10
Q

habitat of e coli

A

GI tract of vertebrates and soil/water contaminated with feces

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11
Q

virulence factors of e coli

A 
Pili
Locus for Enterocyte Effacement
Type 3 Secretion System
LT/ST enterotoxins
Shiga Toxin
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12
Q

MOA of LT toxin

A

ribosylates adenylyl cyclase –> increases cAMP –> causes secretion of water and electrolytes –> diarrhea

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13
Q

MOA of ST toxin

A

increases cGMP –> increases cAMP –> causes secretion of water and electrolytes –> diarrhea

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14
Q

produces shiga toxin

A

enterohemorrgagic e coli (EHEC) (O157:H7)

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15
Q

MOA of shiga toxin

A

inhibits protein synthesism provokes apoptosis –> capillary thrombosis and mucosal inflammation –> hemorrhagic colitis

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16
Q

bad end result of shiga toxin

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

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17
Q

primary resivoir of e coli (O157:H7)

A

cattle gut

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18
Q

most important early virulence factor of EHEC

A

type III seretion lesion causing attaching and effacing lesions

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19
Q

intense abdominal pain, bloody diarreha, no or slight fever

A

EHEC

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20
Q

ID of e coli (O157:H7)

A

lactose positive colonies that do not ferment sorbitol, then test for O157 and H7 antisera

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21
Q

sx of HUS

A

acute renal failure, hemolyic anemia and thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

What NOT to EVER do in EHEC infection

A

give antibiotics (releases shiga toxin)

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23
Q

remains extra cellular, attached by lesions and injects toxin by integreated bacteriophage

A

e coli EHEC

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24
Q

causes watery diarrhea in bottle fed infants in developing countries

A

Enteropathic E coli (EPEC)

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25
causes "traveler's diarrhea"
enterotoxigenic e coli (ETEC)
26
"traveler's diarrhea" very similar to
cholera
27
pathenogenies of ETEC
activates adenylate cyclase or guanylyl cyclase --> activates CHTR --> induces hypersecretion --> diarrhea
28
general treatmene of e coli infections
supportive - rehydration or electrolyte replacement. Antibiotics only in invasive disease
29
leading cause of infant diarrhea and death in developing countries
shigella
30
lactose negative gram negative rods
shigella
31
resivoir of shigella
human GI tract
32
virulance factor only found in shigella
neurotoxin endotoxin
33
MOA of shigella neurotoxin
binds the 60S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis
34
severe abdominal cramps, frequent painful passage of low-volume stools containing blood and mucus
shigella
35
sudden onset of diarrhea with fever and bloody stools in kids
shigella
36
invades colonic epithelial M cells, multiplies in cytoplasm and spreads cell to cell
Shigella
37
treatment for shigella
hydration by mouth, antibiotics (sulfonamides, streptomycin)
38
gram negative rods, lactose negative, faculative anareobes
salmonella
39
pet reptiles can carry
salmonella
40
virulence factors include enterotoxin and pathogenicity island
salmonella
41
sudden onset of headache, chills, abdominal pain followed by n/v and severe diarrhea
salmonella
42
most common strain of salmonella causing "food poisoning"
S enterica Typhimurium
43
systemic salmonella poisoning
enteric fever
44
pathogenesis of salmonella
adheres to mucosal epithelial cells and induces actin movement. engulfed into vaculole which is transported through the basal membrane to the lymphatics --> to liver spleen and bone marrow
45
treatment of salmonella
fluid and electolyte replacement, and control of n/v. Cholramphenicol for enteric fever
46
frontal headache, decrease in appetite, fever, constipation, flu-like sx
typhoid fever
47
DOC for typhoid
chloramphenicol
48
where do long-term carriers of typhoid carry the bug
gall bladder
49
common with poor sanitation,improper sewage disposal or flood contaminated water supplies
Cholera
50
short, curved, gram negative rods
V cholerae, or campylocater jejuni
51
infects shellfish
vibrios
52
rice water diarrhea with massive fluid loss
cholera
53
v cholerae viriulance factor (main 2)
CT (AB5) toxin, priduction of mucinase
54
MOA of cholera toxin
locks sdenylate cyclase into active state --> hyperproduction of cAMP --> pushes large amounts of electrolytes and water out of cells
55
needs a large dose to become infectious and attaches (does not enter cell) to outside of intestinal surface
V cholerae
56
treatment of cholera
rapid IV injection of bicarb in acute - oral fluid/electrolyte replenishment
57
species of vibrio caused by shellfish
vulnificus/parahaemolyticus
58
needs a massive bolus of bacteria to infect
camylobacter
59
virulence factor of camplobacter
enterotoxin similar to cholera
60
complication of campylobacter
Guillain-Barre
61
how campylobacter can cause GB
anti-bodies of the lipo-oligosaccharide of C jejuni cross-react with peripheral nerve gangliosides
62
causes stomach ulcers
H pylori
63
slender, curved, gram negative rods with polar flagella
H pylori
64
non stomach ulcer diseases that H pylori can cause
gastric adenocarcinoma and Gastric MALT lymphoma
65
vurulance factor fo H pylori
produces urase, producting ammonia and raising the pH in the vicinity.
66
dx for pylori
c-urea breath test
67
treatment for h pylori
antibiotics with PPI

GI (22 decks)

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