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Flashcards in liver pathology Deck (62)
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1
Q

massive liver necrosis inficates

A

acute liver failure

2
Q

casues acute liver failure

A

drugs or viral hepatitis

3
Q

signs of chronic liver failure

A

palmer erythema
apider angioma
hypogonadism/gynomastia in men

4
Q

signs of acute liver failure

A

jaundice and encephalopathy, coaguopathy

5
Q

retention of bile causes

A

jaundice

6
Q

retention of bilirubin, bile salts and cholesterol

A

cholestasis

7
Q

most common causes of jaundice

A

hepetitis, bile obstruction, hemolytic anemia

8
Q

mild, fluctuating unconjugated hyperbilirubinmea - inborn

A

Gilbert

9
Q

charecteristic of hepatic encephalopathy

A

flapping tremor

10
Q

pathenogensis of hepatic encephalopathy

A

severe loss of hepatocellular function

shunting of blood from portal to systemic circulation around chronically diseased liver

11
Q

causes hepatic encephalopathy in actute/chronic setting

A

ammonia/deranged NT production (especially GABA)

12
Q

fibrosis and concersion of normal liver architecture into structuraly abnormal nodules

A

cirrhosis

13
Q

fibrous septa and parachymal nodules

A

cirrhosis

14
Q

pathogenesis process of cirrhosis

A

death of hepatocytes
extracellular matrix deposition
vascular reorg

15
Q

anoerxia, weight loss, weakness may indicate

A

cirrohsis

16
Q

fatal outcomes of liver cirrhosis

A

progressive liver failure
portal hypertension complications
hepatocellular carcinoma

17
Q

signs of portal hypertension

A
ascites
esophogeal varices
splenomegaly
caput medusae
hemorroids
18
Q

can cause massive and fatal bleeding in portal hypertension

A

esophogeal varices

19
Q

most important agent that produces toxic liver injury

A

EtOH

20
Q

clues of heppatopulmonary syndrome

A

eaiser breathing lying down, fall of arterial blood oxygen with upright posture

21
Q

most common toxin leading to acute liver failure needed transplant

A

acetomenophen

22
Q

type of hepititis with less inflammation and more hepatocyte death

A

acute

23
Q

female, elevated IgG, high titwers of autoantiboodies and liver damage signs

A

autoimmune hepatitis

24
Q

“chicken-wire fence” histology

A

non-alchoholic fatty liver disease

25
Q

manifestations of alchoholic liver disease

A

hepatic steatosis, alchoholic hepatitis, cirrohsis

26
Q

years it takes most people to progress to alchoholic cirrhosis

A

10-15 years

27
Q

risk factors of NAFLD

A

DM type 2
obesity
syslipidemia
hypertension

28
Q

pathogensis of NAFLD

A

impaired oxidation of fatty acids
increasd synthesis and uptake of fatty acids
decreasd hepatic secretion of VLDL cholesterol

29
Q

what you see in EtOH fatty liver disease, but not NAFLD

A

heptocyte balloning
denk bodies
neutophillic infiltration

30
Q

casues EtOH fatty liver disease

A

changes in lipid metabolism
ROS
cytokines

31
Q

time period of neonatal cholestasis

A

birth to 14days

32
Q

collapse of liver parenchyma leaving only shriveled organ with wrinkled capsule

A

fulminant hepatic failure

33
Q

most common cause of fulminant hepatic failure

A

viral hepatitis

34
Q

most common cause of cirrhosis

A

EtOH

35
Q

compression of sinusoids and central veins, reduction in number of functional sinusoids

A

cirrhosis

36
Q

metabolism functions affected in liver failure

A

nitrogen metabolism
circulating protein production
biliary excretory function
steroid hormone metabolism

37
Q

most common type of autoimmune hepatitis

A

type 1

38
Q

HLA-DR3/4 associated with

A

autoimmune hepatitis

39
Q

lab findings in autoimmune hepatitis

A

positive antinuclear antibody test and anti-smooth muscle antbodies

40
Q

anti-smooth muscle antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis

41
Q

multinucleated cells

A

neonateal hepititis

42
Q

most common causes of neonate hepatitits

A

CMV or inborn errors of metabolism

43
Q

causes of microvesicular fatty liver

A

reye’s syndrome
fatty liver of pregnancy
tetracycline tox

44
Q

get from taking asprin with acute viral infections

A

reye’s

45
Q

encephalopathy, fatty liver changes, transaminase elevation in kid home-treated with an acute viral infection; think -

A

reye’s

46
Q

groosly enlarged, pale, waxy liver

A

fatty liver

47
Q

treatment for EtOH liver

A

stop drinking. Can be reversed

48
Q

causes EtOH hepatitis

A

acetaldehyde damage to hepatocytes

49
Q

hepatocyte swelling and necrosis
intracytoplasmic depositis of cytokeratin
neutophilic infiltrate

A

alchoholic hepatits

50
Q

point of no return of alcholic hepatists

A

fibrosis

51
Q

chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease with destruction of intrahepatic ducts

A

Primary biliary cirrohosis

52
Q

woman with pruitis, fatige. elevated Alkaline phostphatase and cholersterol

A

Primary biliary cirrohosis

53
Q

anti-mitochondiral antibodies

A

Primary biliary cirrohosis

54
Q

franulomatous destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts

A

Primary biliary cirrohosis

55
Q

inflamation, obiliterative fibrosis, segmental involvement of intra and extra heptic bile ducts

A

primary schlerosiing cholangitis

56
Q

associated with inflammatory bowel disease

A

primary schlerosiing cholangitis

57
Q

male, 30-60 with fatige, itching and jaundice

A

primary schlerosiing cholangitis

58
Q

primary schlerosiing cholangitis has increased risk, long term, of

A

cholangiocarcinoma

59
Q

onion skin lesion

A

cholangiocarcinoma

60
Q

diagnosing test of primary schlerosiing cholangitis

A

ERCP (“beading” of bile ducts)

61
Q

leads to obiliteration od bile duct, leading to cholestatis and cirrhoss

A

primary schlerosiing cholangitis

62
Q

primary liver disease with p-ANCA

A

primary schlerosiing cholangitis