Body Position & Integumentary Flashcards
(235 cards)
1
Q
Term
A
Definition
2
Q
anter/o
A
front
3
Q
caudo/o
A
tail (downward)
4
Q
cephal/0
A
head (upward)
5
Q
dist/o
A
away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
6
Q
dors/o
A
back
7
Q
infer/o
A
below
8
Q
later/o
A
side
9
Q
medi/o
A
middle
10
Q
poster/o
A
back, behind
11
Q
proxim/o
A
near (the point of attachment of a body part)
12
Q
super/o
A
above
13
Q
ventr/o
A
belly (front)
14
Q
bi-
A
two
15
Q
uni-
A
one
16
Q
ad
A
toward
17
Q
ior
A
pertaining to
18
Q
caudad
A
toward the tail (downward)
19
Q
cephalad
A
toward the head (upward)
20
Q
lateral (lat)
A
pertaining to the side
21
Q
medial (med)
A
pertaining to the middle
22
Q
unilateral
A
pertaining to one side (only)
23
Q
bilateral
A
pertaining to two sides
24
Q
mediolateral
A
pertaining to the middle and to the side
25
distal
pertaining to away (from the point of attachment of a body part)
26
proximal
pertaining to near (to the point of attachment of a body part)
27
inferior (inf)
pertaining to below
28
superior (sup)
pertaining to above
29
caudal
pertaining to the tail (similar to inferior in most instances related to human anatomy)
30
cephalic
pertaining to the head
31
anterior (ant)
pertaining to the front
32
posterior
pertaining to the back
33
dorsal
pertaining to the back
34
ventral
pertaining to the belly (front)
35
anteroposterior (AP)
pertaining to the front and to the back
36
posteroanterior (PA)
pertaining to the back and to the front
37
frontal or coronal
vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions
38
midsagittal
vertical field running through the body from front to back at the midline, dividin the body equally into right and left halves
39
parasagittal
vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane)
40
transverse
horizontal field dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
41
midline
an imaginary line that seperates the body, or body parts, into halves. In medical language, midline is used as a common reference point.
42
Fowler position
semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees
43
lithotomy position
lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups
44
orthopnea position
sitting erect in a chair or sitting upright in bed supported by pillows behind the head and chest (also called orthopneic position)
45
prone position
lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side)
46
recumbent position
lying down in any position
47
Sims position
lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn begind parallel to the back
48
supine position
lying on back, facing upward
49
Trendelenburg position
lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet
50
high Fowler
upright position at approximately 90 degrees
51
Fowler
indicating an angle between 45 degrees and 60 degrees
52
semi-Fowler
30 degrees to 45 degrees
53
low Fowler
where the head is slightly elevated
54
umbilical region
around the navel (umbilicus)
55
lumbar regions
to the right and left of the umbilical region, near the waist
56
epigastric region
superior to the umbilical region, generally above the stomach
57
hypochondriac regions
to the right and left of the epigastric region
58
hypogastric region
inferior to the umbilical region
59
iliac regions
to the right and left of the hypogastric region, near the groin (also called inguinal regions)
60
umbilicus
derived from the Latin umbro (protuberant part of a shield) raised or depressed spot in the middle of anything
61
Hypochodriac
derived from the Greek hypo (under) and chondros (cartilage) Hippocrates referred to the region just below the cartilages of the ribs. People who experienced discomfort in this area but had no organic findings. Now, a person who falsely believes he or she has an illness is regerred to as a hypochodriac
62
Cyberchondria
emerged in 2000 as a term describing a pattern of using internet research to self diagnose symptoms, fueling health anxiety and worry
63
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
refers to the area encompassing the right lobe of the liver, the gallblader, part of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines
64
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
referes to the area encompassing the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines
65
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ureter, and the right ovary and uterine tube in women or the right spermatic duct in men
66
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
refers to the area encompassing portions of the small and large intestines, the left ureter, and the left ovary and uterine tube in women or the left spermatic duct in men
67
Temporal palpating
palpate over the temporal bone on each side of the head lateral to each eyebrow
68
Carotid palpating
palpate the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial and inferior to the angle of the jaw. To avoid reduction of blood flow, do not palpate right and left carotid pulses simultaneously
69
Brachial palpating
palpate in the groove between the biceps and tricept, just medial to the biceps tendon
70
Radial palpating
palpate lateral and anterior side of wrist, proximal to the first metacarpal phalangeal joint
71
Femoral palpating
This pulse is inferior to the inquinal ligament; if the patient is obese, the pulse is found midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
72
Dorsalis pedis palpating
Lightly palpate the dorsal surface of the foot, with the foot slightly dorsiflexed
73
Posterior tibial palpating
This pulse is found posterior and slightly inferior to the medial malleolus of the ankle
74
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
75
keratin
horny, or cornified, layer composed of protein. It is contained in the hair, skin and nails
76
melanin
color, or pigmentation of the skin
77
dermis
inner layer of skin (also called the true skin)
78
sudoriferous (sweat) glands
tiny, coiled, tubular structures, that emerge through pores on the skin's surface and secrete sweat
79
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
80
hair
compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
81
nails
originate in the epidermis. Nails are found on the upper surface of the ends of the fingers and toes. The white area at the base of the nail is called the lunula or moon
82
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
83
hidr/o
sweat
84
kerat/o
horny tissue, hard
85
onych/o, ungu/o
nail
86
seb/o
sebum (oil)
87
trich/o
hair
88
a
noun suffix, no meaning
89
coccus (pl. cocci)
berry-shaped (form of bacterium)
90
ectomy
exicision or surgical removal
91
ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
92
itis
inflammation
93
malacia
softening
94
opsy
view or, viewing
95
phagia
eating or swallowing
96
plasty
surgical repair
97
rrhea
flow, discharge
98
tome
instrument used to cut
99
dermatitis
inflammatino of the skin
100
dermatoconiosis
abnormal conditino of the skin caused by dust
101
dermatofibroma
fibrous tumor of the skin
102
hidradentitis
inflammation of a sweat gland
103
leiodermia
condition of smooth skin
104
onychocryptosis
abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)
105
leukoderma
white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)
106
onychomalacia
softening of the nails
107
onychomycosis
eating the nails (nail biting)
108
pachyderma
thickening of the skin
109
paronychia (note the a from para has been dropped. The final vowel ina prefix may be dropped when the word to which it is added begins with a vowel.
dieased state around the nail
110
seborrhea
discharge of sebum (excessive)
111
trichomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the hair
112
xeroderma
dry skin (a mild form of cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)
113
abrasion
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
114
abcess
localized collection of pus
115
acne
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sabaceous glands and hair follicles
116
actinic keratosis
a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.
117
albinism
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.
118
basal cell carcinoma
epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis. It seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.
119
Kaposi sarcoma
a cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremeties that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal orgrans. Frequently seen with AIDS
120
laceration
torn, ragged-edged wound
121
lesion
any visible change in tissue resulting from inury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers and tumors.
122
MRSA infection
Invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to penicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population.
123
pediculosis
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
124
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
125
rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and broken blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years (also called acne rosacea)
126
scabies
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by sever itching.
127
scleroderma
a disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs,
128
squamous cell carncinoma (SqCCA)
a malignant growth that develops from scalelike epithelial tissue. Unlike basal cell carcinoma, there is a significant potential for metastasis. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight.
129
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. This auto immune disease is characterized by periouds of remission and exacerbations. It also may affect other organs.
130
tinea
fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair and nails. Infectinos are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp) tinea corporis (body) and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete's foot.
131
urticaria
an itching skin eruption composed of wheals of varying size and shape, which usually resolves in a shor period of time. While often idiopathic, urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine or other agents. Other causes include internal diseaes, physical stimuli and genetic disorders (also called hives)
132
vitiligo
white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes associated with autoimmune disorders
133
biopsy (bx)
view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)
134
excisional biopsy
removes the entire lesion along with a margin of surrounding tissue
135
punch biopsy
removes a cylindrical portion of tissue with a specifically designed round knife.
136
shave biopsy
removes a sample of tissue with a cut parallel to the surrounding skin
137
dermatoautoplasty
surgical repair using one's own skin (skin graft) (also called autograft)
138
dermatoheteroplasty
surgical repair using skin from others (skin graft) (also called allograft)
139
dermatome
instrument used to cut skin (in thin slices for skin grafts)
140
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
141
onychectomy
excision of a nail
142
rhytidectomy
excision of wrinkles (also called facelift)
143
rhytidoplasty
surgical repair of wrinkles
144
cauterization
destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)
145
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen
146
debridement
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
147
dermabrasion
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper
148
excision
removal by cutting
149
incision
surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
150
incision and drainage (I & D)
surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound or cavity
151
laser surgery
procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue
152
Mohs surgery
technique or microscopically controlled serial excisions of skin cancers
153
suturing
to stich edges of a wound surgically
154
dermatologist
a physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)
155
dermatology (derm)
study of the skin (a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disease)
156
epidermal
pertaining to upon the skin
157
erythroderma
red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)
158
hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
159
intradermal
pertaining to within the skin
160
keratogenic
originating in horny tissue
161
necrosis
abnormal condition of death (cells and tissue die because of disease)
162
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
163
Staphylococcus
berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (thse bacteria cause many skin diseases)
164
streptococcus (pl. streptococci)
berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains
165
subcutaneous (subcut)
pertaining to under the skin
166
transdermal (TD)
pertaining to through the skin
167
ungual
pertaining to the nail
168
xanthoderma
yellow skin (also called jaundice)
169
alopecia
loss of hair
170
bacteria (s. bacterium)
single celled micoroorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
171
cicatrix
scar
172
cyst
a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material
173
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
a herpe-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised
174
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
175
ecchymosis (pl. ecchymoses)
escape of blood into the skin (or mucous membrane), causing a small, flat, purple or blue discoloration, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein
176
edema
puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
177
erythema
redness
178
fugus (pl. fungi)
organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surrounding and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding, mulicelled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation
179
induration
abnormal hard spot(s)
180
jaundice
condition characterized by a yellow tinge to the skin (also called xanthoderma)
181
keloid
overgrowth of scar tissue
182
leukoplakia
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membrane, which may be precancerous
183
macule
flat, covered spot on the skin
184
nevus (pl. nevi)
circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black or flesh colored. A congenital nevus is present at births and is referred to as a birthmark (also called a mole)
185
nodule
a small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
186
pallor
small, solid skin elevation
187
papule
a pinpoint skin hemorrhage
188
petechia (pl. petechia)
a pinpoint skin hemorrhage
189
pressure ulcer (decub)
erosion of the skin caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients (also called decubitus ulcer or bed sore)
190
pruritus
severe itching
191
purpura
small hemorrhages in the skin (or mucous membrane) giving a purple-red discoloration; associated with blood disorders or vascular abnormalities
192
pustule
elevation of skin containing pus
193
ulcer
erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
194
macule
flat, colored spot on the skin (freckle)
195
papule
small, solid skin elevation (skin tag, basal cell carcinoma)
196
nodule
a small, knotlike mass (lipoma, metastic carcinoma, rheumatoid nodule)
197
wheal
round, itchy elevation of the skin (urticaria or hive)
198
vesicle
small elevation of epidermis containing liquid (herpes zoster-shingles, herpes simplex, contact dermatitis)
199
pustule
elevation of the skin containing pus (impetigo, acne)
200
cyst
a closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material (acne)
201
cough
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
202
hiccup
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
203
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
204
hypoventilation
ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body's gas exchange needs
205
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
206
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
207
nebulizer
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
208
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization
209
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
210
patent
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi
211
sputum
muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
212
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
213
ABGs
arterial blood gases
214
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
215
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
216
CF
cystic fibrosis
217
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
218
CT
computed tomography
219
CXR
chest radiograph
220
flu
influenza
221
LLL
left lower lobe
222
LTB
Laryngotracheobronchitis
223
LUL
Left Upper Lobe
224
OSA
obstructive sleep disorder
225
PE
pulmonary embolism
226
PFM
peak flow meter
227
PFTs
pulmonary function test
228
PSG
polysomnography
229
RLL
Right Lower Lobe
230
RML
Right Middle Lobe
231
RUL
Right Upper Lobe
232
SOB
shortness of breath
233
TB
tuberculosis
234
URI
Upper respiratory infection
235
VPS
ventilation-perfussion scanning
