Pulmonary - ENT Flashcards
(235 cards)
1
Q
Term
A
Definition
2
Q
fluid
A
partition seperating the right and left nasal cavities
3
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities
4
Q
pharynx
A
serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters through the nasal cavities and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus.
5
Q
Adenoids
A
lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity
6
Q
Tonsils
A
Lymphoid tissue located behind the mouth
7
Q
larynx
A
location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx (also called the voice box)
8
Q
epiglottis
A
flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing
9
Q
Trachea
A
passageway for air to bronchi (wind pipe)
10
Q
Bronchus (pl. bronchi)
A
one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branching resembles a tree; therefore they are referred to as a bronchail tree.
11
Q
bronchioles
A
smallest subdivision of the broncial tree
12
Q
alveolus (pl. alveoli)
A
Air sacs at the end of the brochioles. Oxygen and CO2 are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries
13
Q
Lungs
A
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two.
14
Q
Pleura
A
Double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small spave between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.
15
Q
Diaphragm
A
muscular partition that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.
16
Q
Mediastinum
A
space between te lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.
17
Q
Adenoid/o
A
Adenoids
18
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus
19
Q
bronchi/o, bronch/o
A
bronchus
20
Q
diaphragmat/o, phren/o
A
diaphragm
21
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
22
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
23
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
24
Q
nas/o, rhin/o
A
nose
25
pharyng/o
pharynx
26
pleur/o
pleura
27
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lung, air
28
pulmon/o
lung
29
sept/o
septum (wall off, fence)
30
sinus/o
sinus
31
thorac/o
thorax (chest)
32
tonsill/o
tonsil
33
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete
34
capn/o
carbon dioxide
35
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
36
muc/o
mucus
37
orth/o
straight
38
ox/i, ox/o
oxygen
39
phon/o
sound, voice
40
py/o
pus
41
somn/o
sleep
42
spir/o
breathe, breathing
43
a-, an-
absence of, without
44
endo-
within
45
eu-
normal, good
46
pan-
all, total
47
poly-
many, much
48
tachy-
fast, rapid
49
-algia
pain
50
-ar, -ary, -eal
pertaining to
51
-cele
hernia or protrusion
52
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)
53
-ectasis
stretching out, dilatation, expansion
54
-emia
blood condition
55
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic
56
-meter
insturment used to measure
57
-metry
measurement
58
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
59
-pnea
breathing
60
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood
61
-scope
insturment used for visual examination
62
-scopic
pertianing to visual examination
63
-scopy
visual examination
64
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
65
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
66
-stomy
creation of an artifical opening
67
-thorax
chest
68
-tomy
cut into or incision
69
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
70
alveolitis
inflammation of the alveolus
71
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung
72
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
73
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
74
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
75
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (normally caused by infection)
76
diaphragmatocele (di-a-frag-MAT-o-sel)
Hernia of the diaphragm
77
Epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
78
hemothorax
blood in the chest (pleural space)
79
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
80
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) *la-ring-go-tra-ke-o-bron-KI-tos*
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)
81
lobar pneumonia
pertianing to the lobes, diseased state of the lung
82
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
83
pansinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
84
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
85
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
86
pneumatocele
hernia of the lung
87
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
88
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung
89
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
90
pneumothorax
air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung
91
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)
92
pyothorax
pus in the chest
93
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
94
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
95
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
96
thoracalgia
pain in the chest
97
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
98
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
99
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
100
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
101
asthma
respiratory disease chracterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks
102
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a progressive lung disease that resticts the air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main compnents of COPD
103
coccidiodomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
104
cor pulmonale
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema
105
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx
106
cystic fibrosis
hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
107
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smalller because of malformation or injury of the nasal cavity
108
emphysema
stretching of the lung tissuecaused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity
109
epistaxis
nosebleed
110
influenza
highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus
111
legionnaire disease
a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneuophila
112
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absenceof breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
113
Pertussis
Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)
114
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
115
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
116
pulmonary embolism (PE)
matter forgein to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number.
117
Tuberculosis
an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs
118
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)
119
Adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
120
adenotome
surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids
121
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
122
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
123
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
124
laryngostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the larynx
125
laryngotracheotomy
incision of the larynx and trachea
126
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
127
pleuropexy
surgical fixation of the pleura
128
pneumobronchotomy
incision of lung and bronchus
129
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
130
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
131
septoplasty
incision into the nasal septum
132
sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
133
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity
134
thoracotomy
incision in the chest cavity
135
tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
136
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
137
tracheostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the trachea
138
tracheotomy
incision of the trachea
139
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
140
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
141
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within
142
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within
143
endoscopy
visual examination within
144
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
145
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
146
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide
147
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen
148
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume)
149
spriometry
a measurement of breathing (lung volume)
150
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording many tests during sleep
151
chest computed tomography (CT) scan
computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.
152
Chest radiograph (CXR)
a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)
153
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)
a nuclear medicine precedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions
154
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis
155
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
156
peak flow meter (PFM)
a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly
157
pulmonary function test (PFTs)
a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determing respiratory function
158
pulse oximetry
a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the finertip
159
auscultation
the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.
160
percussion
the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of te part beneath by the sound obtained. The dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space
161
PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test
a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis.
162
stethoscope
an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
163
acapnia
condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)
164
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
165
anoxia
condition of the absence (deficiency) of oxygen
166
aphonia
condition of absence of voice
167
apnea
absence of breathing
168
bronchoalveolar
pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli
169
bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction in the bronchi
170
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
171
dysphonia
condition of difficult speaking (voice)
172
dyspnea
difficult breathing
173
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
174
eupnea
normal breathing
175
hypercapnia
condition of excess carbon dioxide (in the blood)
176
hypernea
exessive breathing
177
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)
178
hyponea
deficient breathing
179
hypoxemia
condition of deficient oxygen in the blood
180
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxyen (to the tissue)
181
intrapleural
pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)
182
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
183
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
184
mucoid
resembling mucus
185
mucous
pertaining to mucus
186
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
187
orthopnea
able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position
188
phrenalgia
pain in the diaphragm
189
phrenospasm
spasm of the diaphragm
190
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
191
pulmonologist
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
192
pulmnology
study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)
193
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
194
tachypnea
rapid breathing
195
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
196
airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
197
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue usel suffocation
198
aspirate
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
199
bronchoconstrictor
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
200
bronchodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
201
cough
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
202
hiccup
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
203
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
204
hypoventilation
ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body's gas exchange needs
205
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
206
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
207
nebulizer
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
208
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization
209
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
210
patent
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi
211
sputum
muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
212
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
213
ABGs
arterial blood gases
214
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
215
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
216
CF
cystic fibrosis
217
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
218
CT
computed tomography
219
CXR
chest radiograph
220
flu
influenza
221
LLL
left lower lobe
222
LTB
Laryngotracheobronchitis
223
LUL
Left Upper Lobe
224
OSA
obstructive sleep disorder
225
PE
pulmonary embolism
226
PFM
peak flow meter
227
PFTs
pulmonary function test
228
PSG
polysomnography
229
RLL
Right Lower Lobe
230
RML
Right Middle Lobe
231
RUL
Right Upper Lobe
232
SOB
shortness of breath
233
TB
tuberculosis
234
URI
Upper respiratory infection
235
VPS
ventilation-perfussion scanning
